NCERT Class 10 Mathematics Formula CBSE Board Sample Problems Part 4
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Linear Equations in Two Variables
An equation of the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are real numbers, such that a and b are not both zero, is called a linear equation in two variables
Important points to Note
S.no | Points |
1 | A linear equation in two variable has infinite solutions |
2 | The graph of every linear equation in two variable is a straight line |
3 | x = 0 is the equation of the y-axis and y = 0 is the equation of the x-axis |
4 | The graph x=a is a line parallel to y -axis. |
5 | The graph y=b is a line parallel to x -axis |
6 | An equation of the type y = mx represents a line passing through the origin. |
7 | Every point on the graph of a linear equation in two variables is a solution of the linear equation. Moreover, every solution of the linear equation is a point on the graph |
S.no | Type of equation | Mathematical representation | Solutions |
1 | Linear equation in one Variable | a and b are real number | One solution |
2 | Linear equation in two Variable | a, b and c are real number | Infinite solution possible |
3 | Linear equation in three Variable | a, b, c and d are real number | Infinite solution possible |
Simultaneous pair of Linear equation:
A pair of Linear equation in two variables
Graphically it is represented by two straight lines on Cartesian plane.
Simultaneous pair of Linear equation | Condition | Graphical representation | Algebraic interpretation |
Example | Intersecting lines. The intersecting point coordinate is the only solution  Intersecting Lines Loading image••• | One unique solution only | |
Example | Coincident lines. The any coordinate on the line is the solution.  Coincident Lines Loading image••• | Infinite solution. | |
Example | Parallel Lines  Parallel Lines Loading image••• | No solution |
The graphical solution can be obtained by drawing the lines on the Cartesian plane.
Algebraic Solution of system of Linear equation
S.no | Type of method | Working of method |
1 | Method of elimination by substitution | 1) Suppose the equation are 2) Find the value of variable of either x or y in other variable term in first equation 3) Substitute the value of that variable in second equation 4) Now this is a linear equation in one variable. Find the value of the variable 5) Substitute this value in first equation and get the second variable |
2 | Method of elimination by equating the coefficients | 1) Suppose the equation are 2) Find the LCM of and . Let it k. 3) Multiple the first equation by the value 4) Multiple the first equation by the value 5) Subtract the equation obtained. This way one variable will be eliminated and we can solve to get the value of variable y 6) Substitute this value in first equation and get the second variable |
3 | Cross Multiplication method | 1) Suppose the equation are 2) This can be written as 3) This can be written as 4) Value of x and y can be find using the x first and last expression y second and last expression |