NCERT Class 9 Physics Euclid Geometry CBSE Board Sample Problems
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Euclid Geometry
Euclid a Greek mathematician is called the Father of Geometry
Euclid defined around 23 items. 7 of them are mentioned below
A point is that which has no part
A line is breath less and has length only
The end of a line is points
A straight line is a line which lies evenly with the points on itself
A surface is that which has length and breath only
The edges of a surface are lines
The definitions of line, point, plane explained by Euclid is not accepted by the Mathematician. So these Terms are taken as undefined
Axioms or Postulates
Axioms or Postulates are assumptions which are obvious universal truths. They are not proved
Theorems
They are statements which are proved using axioms/postulates, definition, previously proved statement and deductive reasoning
Euclid Axioms
Things which are equal to same things are equal to one another If x=z, y=z then x=y
If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal
If equals are subtracted from equals, the remainders are equal
Things which coincide with one another are equal to one another
The whole is greater than the part
Things which are double of the same things are equal to one another
Things which are halves of the same things are equal to one another
If first thing is greater than second and second is greater than third, then first is greater than third
Euclid Postulates
A straight line may be dawn from one point to another point
A terminated line can be produced indefinitely
A circle can be drawn with any center and any radius
All right angles are equal to one another
If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side of it taken together less than two right angles, then the straight lines if produced indefinitely meet on that side on which the angles are less than the two right angles
Play Fair Axiom
For every line I and for every point P not lying on the line I, there exists a unique line m passing through P and Parallel to I