Getting to Know Plants, Leaves, Structure of Leaf, Roots, Parts of Flower (For CBSE, ICSE, IAS, NET, NRA 2022)
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Getting to Know Plants
Plants can be grouped into herbs, shrubs, and trees. Other types of plants are climbers and creepers.
| Herbs | A herb is a non-woody plant that has green and tender stems with few branches and is usually short Herbs are short with tender stem Uses Herbs have a variety of uses including adding flavour to food, providing medicine for diseases and in some cases even adding a spiritual tuch |
| Shrubs | Stem in shrubs is hard not very thick Shrubs are taller than herbs and have stems branching out from the base |
| Trees | A tree is a woody plant that has many branches on a single stem. Trees have hard, thick born stem |
The plants with weak stem that cannot stand upright and spread on ground are called creepers, whereas plants take support on neighboring structures and climb up are called climbers.
Leaves
- Leaves are the structures which develop on branches. These are green coloured structures rich in chloroplasts.
- As they have chlorophyll in them, they are considered to be food factories of the plant. Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves. Each leaf a bud in its axil.
Structure of Leaf
| Leaf base | The point of attachment of the leaf to the nde on the stem |
| Petiole | Leaf bears a stalk with which it is attached to the stem |
| Lamina | The flat part of the leaf exposed to light |
| Midrib | A thin structure which extends from the leaf base to the tip on the lamina |
| Veins | Small thread like structures extend from the mid rib to the leaf margin. Veins helps in transportation of food |
| Venation | Arrangement of veins on the lamina of the leaf |
Two types of arrangement of veins on the leaf are parallel venation and reticulate venation.
Functions of leaf
- Photosynthesis takes place in leaves in which they use carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight.
- Water comes out of leaves in the form of vapour. This is called transpiration.
Roots
- Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. Roots are two types-tap root and fibrous root.
- Plant having the reticulate venation have tap roots while plants having the leaves with parallel venation have fibrous roots.
Flower
- Flower is a reproductive structure of the plant. The different part of a flower include sepals, petals, stamens and pistil.
- Flower helps the plant to give rise to new plant by the process of sexual reproduction.
Parts of flower are
| Petals | The coloured parts of flower are called as petals. |
| Sepals | The green leaf-like parts surrounding the bud are called the sepals. |
| Stamens | The male reproductive part of a flower, it carries pollen grains. Parts of stamen are anther and filament |
| Pistil | The female reproductive part of a flower. It carries ovules. Pistil as stigma, style and ovary. |