Getting to Know Plants, Leaves, Structure of Leaf, Roots, Parts of Flower
Doorsteptutor material for IEO is prepared by world's top subject experts: fully solved questions with step-by-step explanation- practice your way to success.
Getting to Know Plants
Plants can be grouped into herbs, shrubs, and trees. Other types of plants are climbers and creepers.
Herbs | A herb is a non-woody plant that has green and tender stems with few branches and is usually short Herbs are short with tender stem Uses Herbs have a variety of uses including adding flavour to food, providing medicine for diseases and in some cases even adding a spiritual tuch |
Shrubs | Stem in shrubs is hard not very thick Shrubs are taller than herbs and have stems branching out from the base |
Trees | A tree is a woody plant that has many branches on a single stem. Trees have hard, thick born stem |
The plants with weak stem that cannot stand upright and spread on ground are called creepers, whereas plants take support on neighboring structures and climb up are called climbers.
Leaves
Leaves are the structures which develop on branches. These are green coloured structures rich in chloroplasts.
As they have chlorophyll in them, they are considered to be food factories of the plant. Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves. Each leaf a bud in its axil.
Structure of Leaf
Leaf base | The point of attachment of the leaf to the nde on the stem |
Petiole | Leaf bears a stalk with which it is attached to the stem |
Lamina | The flat part of the leaf exposed to light |
Midrib | A thin structure which extends from the leaf base to the tip on the lamina |
Veins | Small thread like structures extend from the mid rib to the leaf margin. Veins helps in transportation of food |
Venation | Arrangement of veins on the lamina of the leaf |
Two types of arrangement of veins on the leaf are parallel venation and reticulate venation.
Functions of leaf
Photosynthesis takes place in leaves in which they use carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight.
Water comes out of leaves in the form of vapour. This is called transpiration.
Roots
Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. Roots are two types-tap root and fibrous root.
Plant having the reticulate venation have tap roots while plants having the leaves with parallel venation have fibrous roots.
Flower
Flower is a reproductive structure of the plant. The different part of a flower include sepals, petals, stamens and pistil.
Flower helps the plant to give rise to new plant by the process of sexual reproduction.
Parts of flower are
Petals | The coloured parts of flower are called as petals. |
Sepals | The green leaf-like parts surrounding the bud are called the sepals. |
Stamens | The male reproductive part of a flower, it carries pollen grains. Parts of stamen are anther and filament |
Pistil | The female reproductive part of a flower. It carries ovules. Pistil as stigma, style and ovary. |