CSIR (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research) Mathematical Sciences Coaching Programs

📹 Video Course 2024 (58 Lectures [23 Hrs : 26 Mins]): Offline Support

Click Here to View & Get Complete Material

Rs. 140.00

1 Month Validity (Multiple Devices)

🎓 Study Material (263 Notes): 2024-2025 Syllabus

Click Here to View & Get Complete Material

Rs. 400.00

3 Year Validity (Multiple Devices)

🎯 96 Numeric, 1805 MCQs (& PYQs) with Full Explanations (2024-2025 Exam)

Click Here to View & Get Complete Material

Rs. 550.00

3 Year Validity (Multiple Devices)

Active and Passive Transport Differences in Biology Import Concepts Must to Know

Question. Difference Between Active and Passive Transport.

Answer:

Active Transport:

Active transport is the movement of molecules like water oxygen and other important molecules across the membrane against the concentration channel with the help of enzymes and usage of cellular energy. It is required for the gathering of molecules like amino acids, glucose, and ions inside the cell in high concentrations.

Active transports are of two types:

Primary Active Transport: In the primary active transport, for transporting the molecules it uses chemical energy to push the molecule.

Illustration: Active and Passive Transport Differences in Biology Import Concepts Must to Know

Secondary Active transport: In the secondary active transport, proteins present in the cell membrane use the electromagnetic gradient to move across the membrane.

Illustration: Active and Passive Transport Differences in Biology Import Concepts Must to Know

Passive Transport:

  • Passive transport is the transport of molecules across the membrane through a concentration gradient without the use of cellular energy by movement. It uses natural entropy to transport molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration until the concentration becomes balanced. Then, there will be no net transport of molecules at the equilibrium.

Four main kinds of passive transport are found:

  1. Osmosis
  2. Simple diffusion
  3. Facilitated diffusion
  4. Filtration
Table of Difference between Active and Passive TransportTable of Difference between Active and Passive Transport
Differentiating PropertyActive TransportPassive Transport
DefinitionIn Active transport the molecules are moved across the cell membrane, pumping the molecules against the concentration gradient using ATP (energy) .In Passive transport, the molecules are moved within and across the cell membrane and thus transporting it through the concentration gradient, without using ATP (energy) .
EnergyActive transport requires cellular energy.Passive transport does not require any cellular energy.
CirculationThe circulation in this process is from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.The circulation in this process is from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
ProcessIt is a dynamic and rapid process.It is a physical and comparatively slow process.
AimThe main aim is to transport all molecules such as proteins, large cells, complex sugars, ions, etc.The main aim is to transport all soluble molecules, including oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, lipids, sex hormones, etc.
ProteinThe active transport, carrier proteins are required.The passive transport, carrier proteins are not required.
DirectionTransportation is only in one direction.Transportation is bidirectional.
SelectiveActive transport is highly selective.Passive transport is partly non-selective.
TemperatureIt is influenced by temperature.It is not influenced by temperature.
Metabolic inhibitorsActive transportation is influenced by metabolic inhibitors.Passive transportation is not influenced by metabolic inhibitors.
TypesActive transport is classified into two categories, like primary active transport and secondary active transport.

Endocytosis, cell membrane/sodium-potassium pump & exocytosis

Passive transport is classified into four categories like osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and filtration.
Concentration GradientThe movement of molecules is from low concentration to high concentration which means they move against the concentration gradient.The movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration, which means they move along the concentration gradient.
Direction of movementWith the use of ATP, it pumps the molecules upwards.In this, the molecules are moved downwards.
Carrier Protein or PumpsActive transport requires carrier proteins.In passive transport carrier proteins are not involved. However, in facilitated diffusion certain channels are present which utilize no energy.
Involvement of matrix or permeasesMatrix or permeases of the membrane are not involved.It takes place through matrix/channels/permeases.
Principle of WorkingActive transport allows molecules to pass the cell membrane, disrupting the equilibrium established by the diffusion.A dynamic equilibrium of water, nutrients, gasses, and wastes is maintained by passive transport.
Process typeActive transport is a vital process.Passive Transport is a physical process.
Oxygen LevelThis process reduces or stops as the level of oxygen content is reduced.This process is not affected by the oxygen content.
Effect of metabolic inhibitorsMetabolic inhibitors stop the active transport.Metabolic inhibitors do not influence passive transport.
Molecules TransportedMacromolecules like proteins, carbohydrate (sugars) , lipids, large cell are few of the materials which are transported by this way.Oxygen, monosaccharides, water, carbon dioxide, lipids are the few soluble materials which are being transported through this way.
FunctionsThough the function of both types of transport is to carry ions and molecules, separately active transport is used to carry through the cell membrane.It is used to maintain the equilibrium, within and outside the cell of nutrients, water and gases, etc.
ExamplesExamples of active transport include a sodium pump, glucose selection in the intestines, and the uptake of mineral ions by plant roots.Passive transport occurs in the kidneys and the liver, and in the alveoli of the lungs when they exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
ImportanceIn eukaryotic cells, amino acids, sugars and lipids need to enter the cell by protein pumps, which require active transport. These items either cannot diffuse or diffuse too slowly for survival.It maintains equilibrium in the cell. Wastes (carbon dioxide, water, etc.) diffuse out and are excreted; nutrients and oxygen diffuse in to be used by the cell.
Image
Illustration: Active and Passive Transport Differences in Biology Import Concepts Must to Know
Illustration: Active and Passive Transport Differences in Biology Import Concepts Must to Know