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Endotoxins and Exotoxins Differences in Biology Import Concepts Must to Know

Question. Difference Between Endotoxins and Exotoxins.

Answer:

Table of Difference between Endotoxins and ExotoxinsTable of Difference between Endotoxins and Exotoxins
Differentiating PropertyEndotoxinsExotoxins
DefinitionEndotoxins are the lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes, produced at the time of cell death.Exotoxins are polypeptide proteins excreted by few species of bacteria.
LocationIt is a part of the cells and located on chromosomal genes.It is released from the cells and located on extrachromosomal genes (e. g. , plasmids) .
ToxicityEndotoxin is moderate toxic.Exotoxin is highly toxic.
SourceIt is produced after the disintegration of the gram-negative bacteria.It is produced in the living gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria.
Molecular WeightThe molecular weight is (kilodelton) .The molecular weight is (kilodelton) .
Heat sensitiveIt is heat stable and active at or even at .It is heat imbalanced and destroyed beyond .
BoilingIt does not get denatured on boiling.It gets denatured on boiling.
Toxic ConversionIt is not possible in endotoxins.It is possible in exotoxins.
DetectedIt is detected in LAL (limulus amebocyte lysate test) .It is detected in various tests like precipitation, neutraliation etc.
Diseases causedDiseases caused by these toxins include:

Urinary tract infections

Coronary artery disease

Meningococcal meningitis.

Diseases caused by these toxins include:

Scarlet fever

Botulism

Scalded skin syndrome.

Enzymatic ActivityThe enzymatic activities are always high.There is no enzymatic activity.
EffectsEndotoxins general symptoms are fever, diarrhea, vomiting etc.Exotoxinีšs symptoms are either cytotoxin, enterotoxin or neurotoxin with defined action on cells or tissues.
NeutralizationIt cannot be neutralized by antibodies.It can be neutralized by antibodies.
VaccinesNo effective vaccines are available for endotoxin.Effective vaccines are available for exotoxins.
ImmunogenicityEndotoxins are weakly immunogenic.Exotoxins are highly immunogenic.
PotencyA large amount of toxin is required to cause a disease.A single toxin molecule is enough to cause a disease.
ToxinsForms a part of the cell wall and is released on the death of the bacteria.It is secreted as a part of metabolism.
CompositionComposed of a Lipoglycan complex.Composed of polypeptides.
Immune responseHas an ability to trigger an immune response is comparatively weaker.Has a stronger ability to trigger an immune response.
Mode of conversionCannot be converted into toxoids.Can be made into a Toxoid.
FatalDo not prove fatal.Often fatal in larger quantities.
Type of BiomoleculesEndotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide, and enterotoxin is a type of exotoxin.Exotoxin is a protein.
StructureEndotoxins comprise three parts; O-antigen/O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A.enterotoxins and exotoxins comprise two parts; A subunit with catalytic activity and B subunit for binding with an appropriate cell receptor.
Produced byEndotoxins occur in the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria.Gram-positive bacteria produce enterotoxins and exotoxins.
OccurrenceEndotoxins are an integral part of the outer cell membrane.Enterotoxins and exotoxins are a type of secretory proteins into the surroundings.
SymptomsEndotoxins are pyrogenic. Enterotoxins cause diarrhea and food poisoning.Exotoxins cause life-threatening symptoms.
SpecificityEndotoxins do not have specific receptors.Enterotoxins and exotoxins have specific receptors.
ExamplesExamples of endotoxin-producing bacteria are:

Salmonella typhi (Typhoid) ,

Vibrio cholerae (Cholera) .

Streptococcus pneumoniae (sepsis) .

Examples of exotoxin producing bacteria are:

Clostridium botulinum (Botox) ,

Clostridium tetani (Tetanus) ,

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria) .

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Illustration: Endotoxins and Exotoxins Differences in Biology Import Concepts Must to Know
Illustration: Endotoxins and Exotoxins Differences in Biology Import Concepts Must to Know