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Endotoxins and Exotoxins Differences in Biology Import Concepts Must to Know
Question. Difference Between Endotoxins and Exotoxins.
Answer:
Differentiating Property | Endotoxins | Exotoxins |
Definition | Endotoxins are the lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes, produced at the time of cell death. | Exotoxins are polypeptide proteins excreted by few species of bacteria. |
Location | It is a part of the cells and located on chromosomal genes. | It is released from the cells and located on extrachromosomal genes (e. g. , plasmids) . |
Toxicity | Endotoxin is moderate toxic. | Exotoxin is highly toxic. |
Source | It is produced after the disintegration of the gram-negative bacteria. | It is produced in the living gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. |
Molecular Weight | The molecular weight is (kilodelton) . | The molecular weight is (kilodelton) . |
Heat sensitive | It is heat stable and active at or even at . | It is heat imbalanced and destroyed beyond . |
Boiling | It does not get denatured on boiling. | It gets denatured on boiling. |
Toxic Conversion | It is not possible in endotoxins. | It is possible in exotoxins. |
Detected | It is detected in LAL (limulus amebocyte lysate test) . | It is detected in various tests like precipitation, neutraliation etc. |
Diseases caused | Diseases caused by these toxins include: Urinary tract infections Coronary artery disease Meningococcal meningitis. | Diseases caused by these toxins include: Scarlet fever Botulism Scalded skin syndrome. |
Enzymatic Activity | The enzymatic activities are always high. | There is no enzymatic activity. |
Effects | Endotoxins general symptoms are fever, diarrhea, vomiting etc. | Exotoxinีs symptoms are either cytotoxin, enterotoxin or neurotoxin with defined action on cells or tissues. |
Neutralization | It cannot be neutralized by antibodies. | It can be neutralized by antibodies. |
Vaccines | No effective vaccines are available for endotoxin. | Effective vaccines are available for exotoxins. |
Immunogenicity | Endotoxins are weakly immunogenic. | Exotoxins are highly immunogenic. |
Potency | A large amount of toxin is required to cause a disease. | A single toxin molecule is enough to cause a disease. |
Toxins | Forms a part of the cell wall and is released on the death of the bacteria. | It is secreted as a part of metabolism. |
Composition | Composed of a Lipoglycan complex. | Composed of polypeptides. |
Immune response | Has an ability to trigger an immune response is comparatively weaker. | Has a stronger ability to trigger an immune response. |
Mode of conversion | Cannot be converted into toxoids. | Can be made into a Toxoid. |
Fatal | Do not prove fatal. | Often fatal in larger quantities. |
Type of Biomolecules | Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide, and enterotoxin is a type of exotoxin. | Exotoxin is a protein. |
Structure | Endotoxins comprise three parts; O-antigen/O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. | enterotoxins and exotoxins comprise two parts; A subunit with catalytic activity and B subunit for binding with an appropriate cell receptor. |
Produced by | Endotoxins occur in the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria. | Gram-positive bacteria produce enterotoxins and exotoxins. |
Occurrence | Endotoxins are an integral part of the outer cell membrane. | Enterotoxins and exotoxins are a type of secretory proteins into the surroundings. |
Symptoms | Endotoxins are pyrogenic. Enterotoxins cause diarrhea and food poisoning. | Exotoxins cause life-threatening symptoms. |
Specificity | Endotoxins do not have specific receptors. | Enterotoxins and exotoxins have specific receptors. |
Examples | Examples of endotoxin-producing bacteria are: Salmonella typhi (Typhoid) , Vibrio cholerae (Cholera) . Streptococcus pneumoniae (sepsis) . | Examples of exotoxin producing bacteria are: Clostridium botulinum (Botox) , Clostridium tetani (Tetanus) , Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria) . |
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