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MHC Class I and MHC Class II Proteins Differences in Biology Import Concepts Must to Know

Question. Difference Between MHC Class I and MHC Class II Proteins.

Answer:

Table of Difference between MHC Class I and MHC Class II ProteinsTable of Difference between MHC Class I and MHC Class II Proteins
Differentiating PropertyMHC Class IMHC Class II
DefinitionMHC class I are a class of major histocompatibility complex molecules found on the surface of all nucleated cells in mammals.MHC class II are a class of major histocompatibility complex molecules mainly found on antigen presenting cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.
OccurrenceMHC class I molecules are expressed on all types of nucleated cells in the body.MHC class II molecules are expressed on the antigen presenting cells such as B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
StructureMHC class I molecules are composed of three alpha domains and a single beta domain.MHC class II molecules are composed of two alpha and beta domains.
Membrane-spanning DomainMHC class I molecules are composed of a single, membrane-spanning, alpha domain.MHC class II molecules are composed of two membrane-spanning alpha and beta domains.
Encoded GenesThe three main types of MHC class I genes are MHC – A, MHC – B, and MHC – C.The main type of MHC class II gene is MHC – D.
Encoded ChromosomesThe alpha domains are encoded on the MHC locus of chromosome and beta chains are encoded on chromosome .MHC class II genes are encoded on the chromosome .
Nature of Antigen PresentingMHC class I molecules present endogenous antigens originated from the cytoplasm.MHC class II molecules present exogenous antigens originated extracellularly from foreign bodies such as pathogens.
Antigen-presenting DomainsThe alpha and alpha domains are involved in the presentation of antigens in MHC class I molecules.The alpha and beta domains are involved in the antigen presentation in MHC class II molecules.
Responsive CellsMHC class I present antigens to cytotoxic T cells.MHC class II present antigens to helper T cells.
Responsive Co-receptorMHC class I molecules bind to the receptors on the cytotoxic T cells.MHC class II molecules bind to the receptors on the helper T cells.
RoleMCH class I is responsible for the clearance of endogenous antigens.MHC class II is responsible for the clearance of exogenous antigens.
AntigenCytosolic proteins; they sample peptides generated within the cell or those that may enter cytosol from phagosomes.Class II molecules sample peptides outside the cell such as lysosomal proteins mostly internalized from extracellular environment.
Enzymes involved in peptide generationCytosolic proteasome.Endosomal and lysosomal proteases.
Peptide loading of MHCEndoplasmic reticulum.Specialized vesicular compartment.
Building amino acidsPossess amino acids.Possess amino acids.
Invariant chainHas no invariant chain.Has an invariant chain.
Functional effectPresence of abundant antigens target cell for destruction.Presences of foreign antigens induce antibody production.
Detection MethodSerology.Serology and mixed lymphocyte reaction.