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Mirror and Lens Differences in Physics Import Concepts Must to Know

Question. Difference Between Mirror and Lens.

Answer:

A Mirror:

  • In order to understand the concept of a mirror, one must know what is the phenomenon behind the mirror and what makes it a reflecting material.
  • A mirror is defined as reflecting surface and can be explained by the law of reflection, which states that when a ray of light is made to fall on the reflecting surface, the reflected ray has its angle of reflection, incident ray, and the reflected ray are normal to the surface at a point of incidence.

Terms Related to Mirror:

  • Incident ray: It is defined as a ray of light that hits the surface.
  • Reflected ray: It is defined as the ray of light that is reflected back after hitting the surface.
  • Normal ray: It is defined as the ray that is 90° to the surface or the ray which is perpendicular to the reflecting surface.
  • Refracted ray: It is defined as the incident ray which passes through a second medium resulting in the change of direction.
  • Angle of incidence: It is defined as the angle between the incident ray the normal at which the incidence occurs.
  • Angle of reflection: It is defined as the angle between the reflected ray with respect to the normal at which the reflection occurs.
  • Angle of refraction: It is defined as the angle between the refracted ray and the normal at which the refraction occurs.

Lens:

  • Lenses are basically magnifying glasses with curved sides. A lens is a piece of transparent glass which concentrates or disperses light rays when passes through them by refraction.
  • Due to the magnifying property, lenses are used in telescopes and other magnifying devices. They are employed in cameras for gathering the light rays.

Terms Related to Lens:

  • Pole: The centre of the spherical refracting surface of the lens is called the pole. The point where the principal axis meets the surface of the lens.
  • Optical Centre: The point on the principal axis at the centre of the lens is called Optical centre.
  • Centre of Curvature: A lens has two spherical surfaces; these two spherical surfaces form a part of a sphere. The centre of these spheres is known as the centre of curvature.
  • Principal axis: The principal axis is an imaginary line passing through the centers of curvature and the pole.
  • Aperture: The area of the lens suitable for refraction is called Aperture. The aperture of the lens is the effective diameter of its light-transmitting area.
  • Focus: Focus is the point onto which collimated light parallel to the axis is focused.
  • Focal length: The focal length is the distance between the optical centre and the focal point or focus of the lens
  • Power: The power of the lens is the reciprocal of its focal length. The S. I unit of power is Diopter.
Table of Difference between Mirror and LensTable of Difference between Mirror and Lens
Differentiating PropertyMirrorLens
DefinitionThe mirror is glass with one side silvery backing produces an image by reflection on only one surface.The lens is a transparent substance that produces images by refraction in any surface of the two surfaces.
CurvatureIt can be plane or curved.Always curved at one or two surfaces.
LawLaws of reflection.Laws of refraction.
TypesThere are two types: concave and convex.There are six types of lenses.
Focal pointPlane mirror has no focal point.It has focal points for each type of lens.
ManufactureFrom glass or metal.From glass or plastic.
An idealAn ideal mirror reflects of light.An ideal lens refracts of light.
UsesMirror tiles, dressing table, periscope, camera, looking glass, solar cooker.Refraction unit, spectacle glass, flashlight, telescope, microscope.