Cell Organelles: Meaning, Categories of Cell Organelles, Cell Organelles, and Their Functions
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Meaning of a Cell Organelle
A cell organelle can be defined as a specialized entity present inside a cell.
This specialized entity performs a specific function.
The cell organelles are membrane-bound being present within the cells and with distinct structures and functions.
A subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell is called an organelle.
The most important cell organelles are the nuclei, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
Three Categories of Cell Organelles
Organelles Without Membrane
This includes the Cell wall, Ribosomes, and Cytoskeleton being present both in prokaryotic cell and the eukaryotic cell.
Single Membrane-Bound Organelles
This includes Vacuole, Lysosome, Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic Reticulum present only in a eukaryotic cell.
Double Membrane-Bound Organelles
Mitochondria and chloroplast are double membrane-bound organelles both being present in in a eukaryotic cell.
Cell Organelles
Cell Organelles and Their Functions
Plasma Membrane
It is also known as a Cell Membrane or Cytoplasmic Membrane.
The membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer and proteins.
The membrane is present both in animal and the plant cell.
It performs some very important functions such as providing shape, protecting the inner organelle of the cell, and acting as a selectively permeable membrane.
Cell Membrane
Centrosomes
Centrosomes consist of Centrioles and are found only in the animal cells.
It plays an important function of organizing the microtubule and Cell division.
Structure of Centrosomes
Cytoplasm
It is a jelly like substance consisting of water, dissolved nutrients, and waste products of the cell.
The metabolic activities of the cell are performed by cytoplasm.
Structure of Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
These are present only in plant cells containing a green colored pigment called chlorophyll.
Chloroplasts serve as the sites of photosynthesis.
The Chloroplast
Golgi Apparatus
This is a membrane bound sac-like organelles, present within the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cells.
Functions like secretion and intracellular transport are performed by the Golgi apparatus.
Golgi Apparatus