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Human Brain: Introduction to Human Brain, Functional Areas of the Brain
Introduction to Human Brain
- The Human Brain acts as the central organ of the human nervous system.
- The spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.
- The skull bones are responsible for protecting the brain.
- Physiological functions to cognitive abilities are controlled by the brain.
- Signals are sent and received via neurons to different parts of the body.
- An adult brain weighs between 1.0 kg – 1.5 kg on an average.
- Composed of neurons – the fundamental unit of the brain.
- The nervous system.
- Brain is also responsible for thoughts, interpretation, and origin of control for body movements.
Functional Areas of the Human Brain
Different Lobes of the Human Brain
- Parietal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Cerebellum
- Spinal Cord
- Temporal Lobe
- Frontal Lobe
Parts of the Human Brain
Forebrain
- It is the largest part of the brain.
- It is also the anterior part of the brain.
- The forebrain includes Cerebrum, Hypothalamus, Thalamus.
- This part of the brain is responsible for controlling the reproductive functions, body temperature, emotions, hunger, and sleep.
- Cerebrum is the largest among the forebrain parts also the largest part of all vertebrate brains.
Midbrain
- It is the smallest and the central part of the brain.
- It consists of Tectum, Tegmentum.
Hindbrain
- It is the lower part of the brain.
- It consists of Cerebellum, Medulla, Pons.
- The hindbrain coordinates functions that are fundamental to survival, including respiratory rhythm, motor activity, sleep, etc.
Structure of the Human Brain
Cerebrum
- It is the uppermost part of the brain.
- It contains two hemispheres split by a central fissure.
- It contains major lobes of the brain.
- It is also responsible for receiving and giving meaning to information from the sense organs, as well as controlling the body.
Cerebellum
- It is a major structure of the hindbrain.
- It is located near the brainstem.
- The voluntary movements are coordinated by this part of the brain only.
- Other functions:
- Motor skills such as balance, coordination, and posture.
- Some of the main functions are:
- It senses equilibrium.
- It transfers information.
- It coordinates eye movement.
- It enables precision control of the voluntary body movements
Medulla Oblongata
- It is a long stem-like structure which makes up part of the brainstem.
- It is anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum.
- It is also responsible for autonomic (involuntary) functions ranging from vomiting to sneezing.
- The main functions are:
- It controls sleep cycles.
- It regulates the magnitude and frequency of the respiration.
- It transfers information between the cerebellum and motor cortex.
Tectum
- It is a small portion of the brain.
- Specifically, the dorsal part of the midbrain.
- The reflex movements of the head, eye and neck muscles are controlled.
- A passage for the different neurons moving in and out of the cerebrum is provided.
Tegmentum
- It is a complex structure and a region within the brainstem.
- This complex structure is involved in body movements, sleep, arousal, attention, and different necessary reflexes.
- A platform for the midbrain is formed connecting with the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and the spinal cord.
Thalamus
- It is a small structure, located right above the brain stem.
- This part is also responsible for transmitting motor information for movement and coordination.
- It is found in the limbic system within the cerebrum.
Hypothalamus
- It is a small and essential part of the brain.
- It is located precisely below the thalamus.
- It is also considered to be the primary region of the brain.
- Some of the important functions performed are:
- It controls the sense of taste and smell.
- It synthesizes the body՚s essential hormones.
- It coordinates the messages from the autonomous nervous system.
- It is also responsible for controlling moods and emotions.
FAQs
Q 1. What are the three different parts of the Brain?
Answer:
The three different parts of the brain are:
(i) Forebrain
(ii) Midbrain
(iii) Hindbrain
Q 2. What are the different lobes of the Human Brain?
Answer:
Different lobes of the Human brain are:
(i) Parietal Lobe
(ii) Occipital Lobe
(iii) Cerebellum
(iv) Spinal Cord
(v) Temporal Lobe
(vi) Frontal Lobe
Q 3. Which complex structure is involved in body movements, sleep, arousal, attention, and different necessary reflexes?
Answer: Tegmentum is complex structure is involved in body movements, sleep, arousal, attention, and different necessary reflexes.
Q 4. Which part of the brain is the primary region of the brain and is located precisely below the thalamus?
Answer: Hypothalamus is the primary region of the brain that is located precisely below the thalamus.