Immune System: Disorders of the Immune System and Immunology (For CBSE, ICSE, IAS, NET, NRA 2022)

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Disorders of the Immune System

Disorders of the Immune System

Allergic Diseases

This includes hay fever, sinus disease, asthma, hives, dermatitis, and eczema.

Autoimmune Diseases

Includes multiple sclerosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic vasculitis.

Immunodeficiencies

  • These are inherited from a parent to the child.
  • Includes primary immunodeficiency diseases such as x-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) , complement deficiencies, etc.

Immunology

  • It is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with immunity.
  • It can also be defined as the study of the immune system, the cell-mediated and humoral aspects of immunity and immune responses.
  • When immune system is weak or stop functioning:
    • Infectious diseases
    • Allergies
    • Fever
    • Flu
  • The Immunology of transplantation:
    • The process of transplantation from a donor to the recipient.
    • The recipient՚s body does not reject the organ.

Immunology Techniques

Immunology Techniques

Applications of Immunology

  • Medicine
  • Fields of organ transplantation.
  • Oncology
  • Rheumatology
  • Virology
  • Bacteriology
  • Parasitology
  • Psychiatry
  • Dermatology

FAQs

Q 1. What is Passive Immunity?

Answer:

  • Passive Immunity is produced by antibodies produced outside the body.
  • Lasts for a short duration of time.
  • For e. g. temporary immunity is provided to a baby by antibodies present in a mother՚s breast milk.

Q 2. What are the applications of Immunology?

Answer:

Applications of Immunology are:

i) Medicine

ii) Fields of organ transplantation.

iii) Oncology

iv) Rheumatology

v) Virology

vi) Bacteriology

vii) Parasitology

viii) Psychiatry

ix) Dermatology

Q 3. What are the elements of Innate Immune System?

Answer:

Elements of Innate Immune System are:

i) Dendritic Cells

ii) Phagocytic Cells

iii) Natural Killer

iv) Physical epithelial barriers

v) Circulating plasma proteins

Q 4. What are the symptoms of Immune Dysfunction?

Answer:

Following are the symptoms of Immune Dysfunction:

i) Autoimmune disorders.

ii) Painful joints and muscles.

iii) Herpes (cold sore) outbreak.

iv) Rhinitis or a constant runny nose.

v) Psoriasis, eczema, hives, or rashes.

vi) Bowel disorders.

vii) Parasite infections.