Kingdom Monera, Protista, and Fungi: Introduction of Monera, Protista and Fungi
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Introduction to Monera
Monera is a unicellular organism.
They have a prokaryotic cellular organization.
They lack membrane-bounded organelles and nucleus.
One of the examples is that of bacteria.
They include species like the Cyanobacteria, archaebacteria, mycoplasma, etc.
They are single celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane.
They further lack well-defined cell structures including the nucleus and other cell organelles.
Division into two domains:
Archaea
Bacteria
The DNA of Monera is enclosed within the nucleus.

Introduction to Monera
Characteristics of Monera
They contain cell wall, which is rigid and is made up of peptidoglycan.
They are environmental decomposers.
They are unicellular organisms.
Monera lacks organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, plastids, Golgi bodies, etc.
Different modes of nutrition:
Autotrophic
Parasitic
Heterotrophic
Saprophytic
Introduction to Protista
It consists of all unicellular organisms.
They are simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi.
Greek word “protistos,” means “the very first.
The cell of these organisms contains a nucleus, which is bound to the organelles.

Kingdom Protista
Characteristics of Protista
Most of the species in protest are unicellular organisms.
They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic in nature.
The locomotion is exhibited through cilia and flagella.
They are usually aquatic.
Kingdom Fungi
These are either unicellular or Multicellular eukaryotes.
They are found in acidic environment.
Reproduction can be sexual as well as asexual.
The mode of nutrition is either heterotrophic or saprophytic.
The cell wall is made up of chitin.
Flagella are present for locomotion purpose.

Kingdom Fungi
Characteristics of Fungi
The nuclei are very small.
They may be unicellular or filamentous.
Reproduction is by means of spores.
The mode of reproduction can be either sexual or asexual.
They store their food in the form of starch.
The fungi have no embryonic stage.
Classification of Kingdom Monera, Protista and Fungi
Monera

Kingdom Monera Classification
Protista

Kingdom Protista
Fungi

Classification of Fungi