Kingdom Monera, Protista, and Fungi: Introduction of Monera, Protista and Fungi (For CBSE, ICSE, IAS, NET, NRA 2022)

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Introduction to Monera

• Monera is a unicellular organism.
• They have a prokaryotic cellular organization.
• They lack membrane-bounded organelles and nucleus.
• One of the examples is that of bacteria.
• They include species like the Cyanobacteria, archaebacteria, mycoplasma, etc.
• They are single celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane.
• They further lack well-defined cell structures including the nucleus and other cell organelles.
• Division into two domains:
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
• The DNA of Monera is enclosed within the nucleus.

Characteristics of Monera

• They contain cell wall, which is rigid and is made up of peptidoglycan.
• They are environmental decomposers.
• They are unicellular organisms.
• Monera lacks organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, plastids, Golgi bodies, etc.
• Different modes of nutrition:
  • Autotrophic
  • Parasitic
  • Heterotrophic
  • Saprophytic

Introduction to Protista

• It consists of all unicellular organisms.
• They are simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi.
• Greek word ″ protistos, ″ means ″ the very first.
• The cell of these organisms contains a nucleus, which is bound to the organelles.

Characteristics of Protista

• Most of the species in protest are unicellular organisms.
• They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic in nature.
• The locomotion is exhibited through cilia and flagella.
• They are usually aquatic.

Kingdom Fungi

• These are either unicellular or Multicellular eukaryotes.
• They are found in acidic environment.
• Reproduction can be sexual as well as asexual.
• The mode of nutrition is either heterotrophic or saprophytic.
• The cell wall is made up of chitin.
• Flagella are present for locomotion purpose.

Characteristics of Fungi

• The nuclei are very small.
• They may be unicellular or filamentous.
• Reproduction is by means of spores.
• The mode of reproduction can be either sexual or asexual.
• They store their food in the form of starch.
• The fungi have no embryonic stage.

Classification of Kingdom Monera, Protista and Fungi

Monera

Protista

Fungi