Kingdom Monera, Protista, and Fungi: Introduction of Monera, Protista and Fungi

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Introduction to Monera

• Monera is a unicellular organism.

• They have a prokaryotic cellular organization.

• They lack membrane-bounded organelles and nucleus.

• One of the examples is that of bacteria.

• They include species like the Cyanobacteria, archaebacteria, mycoplasma, etc.

• They are single celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane.

• They further lack well-defined cell structures including the nucleus and other cell organelles.

• Division into two domains:

  • Archaea

  • Bacteria

• The DNA of Monera is enclosed within the nucleus.

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Characteristics of Monera

• They contain cell wall, which is rigid and is made up of peptidoglycan.

• They are environmental decomposers.

• They are unicellular organisms.

• Monera lacks organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, plastids, Golgi bodies, etc.

• Different modes of nutrition:

  • Autotrophic

  • Parasitic

  • Heterotrophic

  • Saprophytic

Introduction to Protista

• It consists of all unicellular organisms.

• They are simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi.

• Greek word “protistos,” means “the very first.

• The cell of these organisms contains a nucleus, which is bound to the organelles.

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Characteristics of Protista

• Most of the species in protest are unicellular organisms.

• They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic in nature.

• The locomotion is exhibited through cilia and flagella.

• They are usually aquatic.

Kingdom Fungi

• These are either unicellular or Multicellular eukaryotes.

• They are found in acidic environment.

• Reproduction can be sexual as well as asexual.

• The mode of nutrition is either heterotrophic or saprophytic.

• The cell wall is made up of chitin.

• Flagella are present for locomotion purpose.

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Characteristics of Fungi

• The nuclei are very small.

• They may be unicellular or filamentous.

• Reproduction is by means of spores.

• The mode of reproduction can be either sexual or asexual.

• They store their food in the form of starch.

• The fungi have no embryonic stage.

Classification of Kingdom Monera, Protista and Fungi

Monera

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Protista

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Fungi

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