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Nephron: Functions of Nephron, Primary Functions, Proximal Tubule
Functions of Nephron
The Primary Function
- To remove all waste products including the solid wastes, and other excess water from the blood.
- To convert blood into the urine, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion of numerous substances.
- The small molecules are moved into the glomerular capsules as the blood passes through the glomerulus with high pressure.
Proximal Tubule
- It is a part of the nephron that can be divided into an initial convoluted portion and a following straight (descending) portion.
- Into the peritubular capillaries, fluid in the filtrate entering the proximal convoluted tubule is reabsorbed.
- This also includes more than half of the filtered salt and water along with filtered organic solutes (primarily glucose and amino acids) .
Loop of Henle
- It is a U-shaped tube that extends from the proximal tubule.
- It also consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb.
- It begins in the cortex, receiving filtrate from the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Extends into the medulla as the descending limb.
- Returns to the cortex as the ascending limb to empty into the distal convoluted tubule.
Distal Convoluted Tubule
- For active transport to take place, cells lining the tubule have numerous mitochondria to produce enough energy (ATP) .
- The endocrine system is responsible for regulating much of the ion transport taking place in the distal convoluted tubule.
- The distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs more calcium and secretes more phosphate.
Connecting Tubule
It is the final segment of the tubule before it enters the collecting duct system.
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
- It is a specialized region associated with the nephron.
- It produces and secretes into the circulation the enzyme renin (angiotensinogenase) .
- The JGA is located between the thick ascending limb and the afferent arteriole.
- The three components are the macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, and extraglomerular mesangial cells.
Major Functions of the Kidney
- It helps in the reabsorption of nutrients.
- It also helps in regulating blood pressure.
- Excretion of wastes from the body.
- Removing excess fluid from the body.
- Also helps in secreting hormones that help in the production of red blood cell, acid regulation, etc.
FAQs
Q 1. What are the two main parts of a nephron structure?
Answer:
The two main parts of a nephron structure are:
Renal tubule
Renal corpuscle
Q 2. what՚s the main function of a nephron?
Answer:
The main functions of a nephron are:
A nephron regulates the concentration of water and minerals such as sodium by filtering the blood and reabsorbing the important nutrients.
It is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
Q 3. What is Bowman՚s capsule?
Answer:
- Bowman՚s capsule is cup-shaped structure surrounding the renal corpuscle.
- Bowman՚s capsule is also known as glomerulus that helps in blood filtration.
Q 4. what՚s a renal tubule?
Answer:
- The renal tubule is the portion of the nephron containing the tubular fluid.
- The renal tubule is filtered through the glomerulus.
- The filtrate continues to the collecting duct system, after passing through the renal tubule.