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Taxonomy: Meaning of Taxonomy, Classification of Organisms, Alpha and Beta Taxonomy
Meaning of Taxonomy
- It can be defined as the practice and science of classification of things or concepts.
- It further includes the principles that underlie such classification.
- The classification involves behavioral, genetic, and biochemical variations.
- Process of taxonomy are:
- Characterization
- Identification
- Classification
Classification of Organisms
Carolus Linnaeus and Linnaeus Classification System
- Carolus Linnaeus is the father of Taxonomy.
- Hierarchical classification system and Binomial nomenclature system are the two important contributions of Carolus Linnaeus.
- Based on the morphological characters, the species are distinguished.
- For example, different types of apples can belong one species.
- Linnaeus Classification System is used all over the world to classify living beings.
- Classification of universe is classified into three broad kingdoms namely animals, plants, and minerals.
Alpha Taxonomy & Beta Taxonomy
- The system of finding, identifying, characterizing, and naming the Taxon՚s is known as Alpha Taxonomy.
- A group of organisms which can be clubbed to form a single unit is known as a Taxon.
- William Bertram introduced the term Alpha taxonomy in a series of papers published in 1935 and 1937.
- Beta Taxonomy refers to the arrangement of the species into a natural system of hierarchical categories. Β-taxonomy relates to the search of a natural system of classification.
Plant Taxonomy
- It deals with the identification, classification, and naming of plants.
- It is closely allied to plant systematics with no sharp boundary between the two.
The plant kingdom is divided into two main categories:
- Plants which can produce seed.
Flowering plants, conifers, ginkgos, etc.
- Plants which cannot produce seeds.
Plants include horsetails, ferns, and mosses etc.
Animal Taxonomy
- It deals with identifying, classifying, and naming of animals.
- The classification of animals is based upon the Linnaeus classification system.
- Vertebrates and invertebrates are the two main categories into which the animal kingdom can be classified.
- Vertebrates include:
- Mammals
- Birds
- Reptiles
- Fish
- Amphibians
- Invertebrates include:
- Arthropods
- Molluscs
- Annelids
FAQs
Q 1. What are three main classifications of process of taxonomy?
Answer:
Three main classifications involved in the process of taxonomy are:
(i) Characterization
(ii) Identification
(iii) Classification
Q 2. What are the seven categories of organisms based in Taxonomy?
Answer:
The seven categories of organisms based in Taxonomy are:
(i) Kingdom
(ii) Phylum
(iii) Class
(iv) Order
(v) Family
(vi) Genus
(vii) Species
Q 3. What is alpha and beta taxonomy?
Answer:
- The system of finding, identifying, characterizing, and naming the Taxon՚s is known as Alpha Taxonomy.
- A group of organisms which can be clubbed to form a single unit is known as a Taxon.
- William Bertram introduced the term Alpha taxonomy in a series of papers published in 1935 and 1937.
- Beta Taxonomy refers to the arrangement of the species into a natural system of hierarchical categories. Β-taxonomy relates to the search of a natural system of classification.
Q 4. Who is believed to be the Father of Taxonomy?
Answer:
- Carolus Linnaeus is believed to be the father of Taxonomy.
- Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician who formalized binomial nomenclature.