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Chemistry in Everyday Life: The Chemistry of Soaps/Detergents, Types of Soaps

Illustration: Chemistry in Everyday Life: The Chemistry of Soaps/Detergents, Types of Soaps
  • The study of materials, as well as the evolution of new materials for the betterment of humanity, is called Chemistry.
  • Chemistry is a big part of our everyday life.
  • We start the day with Chemistry.
  • Love, jealousy, envy, infatuation, and infidelity all share a basis in chemistry
  • A drug is defined as a chemical agent which will affect human metabolism to cure the illness.
  • If the intake of the dose is higher than the recommended dose, then it can be poisonous.
  • Chemotherapy is the use of chemicals for therapeutic effect. Drugs interact with target molecules i.e.. , biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.
  • We can find chemistry in daily life in the foods we eat, the air we breathe, cleaning chemicals, our emotions and literally every object we can see or touch.
  • Drugs are designed in such a way that they interact with specific targets only to minimize the side effects.
  • Releasing mental stress, destroying microbes/arresting microbes, preventing the body from infectious diseases, etc. is taken care by drug chemistry.
  • Some additives added to food to make it add nutritive value, palatable, and look attractive are sweetening agents, preservatives, flavors, antioxidants, nutritional supplements, and edible colors.
  • Preservatives – It plays a vital role in preventing deterioration of food, protects against spoilage of food from yeast, mold, and other organisms that cause food poisoning. Also, increase the shelf life of food.
  • Flavors – Adding flavors to food helps to make them more palatable
  • Sweetening agents – Added in food such as alcoholic beverages, pickles, and bread for fermenting organisms that are important in making these food items.
  • Antioxidants – Vitamins C, E, carotenoids, etc. help protect damaged cells caused by free radicals. Some other naturally occurring antioxidant are ligands, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins.

The Chemistry of Soaps/Detergents

Illustration: The Chemistry of Soaps/Detergents

Soaps are sodium or potassium salt of higher carboxylic acid such as stearic acid, Palmitic acid, and oleic acid whereas detergents contain a long chain of alkyl groups. Detergents in comparison to soaps can also function in hard water.

Types of Soaps

  • Toilet Soaps: Potassium soaps are softer than sodium soaps.
  • Floating Soaps: These can be prepared by beating soap bubbles.
  • Transparent Soaps: This contains soap dissolved in excess of alcohol and it is evaporated.
  • Medicated Soaps: These contain soaps by adding little amounts of Dettol, Savlon etc.
  • Laundry Soaps mainly contains Sodium rosinate, borax.

Our Body

  • It is made up of chemical constituents, present in a number of combinations of various elements – oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus.

Our Mind

  • Various emotions we feel are, in fact, a result of chemical messengers i.e.. , neurotransmitters. Love, jealousy, envy, infatuation, and infidelity all find their roots in chemistry.
  • The list may be continued to fill hundreds of pages with the miracles of chemistry in our lives that take place every day.