NCERT Class 11-Biology: Chapter –18 Body Fluids and Circulation Part 7
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Question 3:
Explain different types of blood groups and donor compatibility by making a table.
Answer:
1. There are two types of blood grouping which are ABO and Rh.
2. ABO grouping is based on the presence or absence of two antigens on the RBC’s which are A and B.
3. These are three alleles and .
4. Gene Codes for blood group A
5. Gene Codes for blood group B.
6. Gene Codes for blood group O.
7. Gene Codes for blood group AB.
8. People with blood group A, have antigen A on the surface of the RBC’s and produce antibodies against blood group B.
9. People with blood group B have antigen B on the surface of the RBC’s and produce antibodies against blood group A.
10. People with blood group AB have antigen A and B on the surface of the RBC’s and produce no antibodies.
11. People with blood group O have no antigens on the surface of RBC’s and produce antibodies against both A and B blood group.
Blood Group | Alleles | Antigenon RBC surface | Antibodies against | Donate blood to | Receive Blood from |
A | A | B | A & AB | A & O | |
B | B | A | B & AB | B & O | |
AB | A&B | None | AB | AB, A,B & O | |
O | None | A & B | A, B & AB | O |
13. This shows that blood group AB is a universal recipient and blood group O is a universal donor.
Question 4:
Write short note on the following
a. Hypertension
b. Coronary Artery Disease
Answer:
a. Hypertension:
It is the condition in which there is a constant increase in the normal blood pressure.It affects all the vital organs like heart, kidney and brain etc. Blood pressure equal to or above is considered hypertension.
Types of Hypertension:
1. Primary Hypertension: It is also known as Idiopathic Hypertension because the specific cause of the increased blood pressure is not known.
2. Secondary Hypertension: It is the type of hypertension with a known cause.
Risk Factors:
1. Alcohol
2. Diabetes
3. Obesity
4. Smoking
5. Excessive Sodium Intake
Prevention:
1. Increased intake of water.
2. Decreased intake of sodium or table salt.
3. Stress and Caffeine should be avoided.
b. Coronary Artery Disease:
Narrowing of the arterial lumen due to the build-up of fats and cholesterol which decreases the supply of oxygen to the body organs. It may also lead to the damaging of heart muscles.
Risk Factors:
1. Obesity
2. Smoking
3. Excess fat intake
4. Hereditary
Prevention:
1. Regular exercise
2. Eating healthy
3. Vitamin supplement
4. Aspirins or blood thinners