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Biology Class 11 NCERT Solutions: Chapter 7 Structural Organisation in Animals Part 3
Q: 9. Distinguish between
(A) Simple epithelium and compound epithelium
(B) Cardiac muscle and striated muscle
(C) Dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues
(D) Adipose and blood tissue
(E) Simple gland and compound gland
Answer:
(A)
Simple Epithelium | Compound Epithelium | ||
1. | It is composed of only one layer of cells | 1. | It is composed of many layers of cells. |
2. | It is mainly involved in the function of absorption and secretion | 2. | It is mainly involved in the function of protection and has a limited role in absorption and secretion. |
3. | It is present in the lining of the stomach, intestine. | 3. | It is present in the lining of the pharynx and buccal cavity. |
4. | 4. |
(B)
Cardiac muscles | Striated muscles | ||
1. | They are involuntary in function. | 1. | They are voluntary in function. |
2. | They are multi-nucleate and branched. | 2. | They are multi-nucleate and unbranched. |
3. | They are found only in the heart. | 3. | They are found only in triceps, biceps, and limbs. |
4. | 4. |
(C)
Dense Regular Connective Tissues | Dense Irregular Connective Tissues | ||
1. | In dense regular connective tissues, collagen fibres are present in rows between parallel boundless fibres. | 1. | In dense irregular connective tissues, fibres are arranged irregularly. |
2. | They are present in tendons and ligaments. | 2. | They are present in the skin. |
(D)
Adipose Tissue | Blood tissue | ||
1. | It is composed of collagen fibres, elastin fibres, fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipocytes. | 1. | It is composed of RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and plasma. |
2. | It helps in the synthesis, storage, and metabolism of fats. | 2. | It helps in the transportation of food, wastes, gases, and hormones. |
3. | It is present beneath the skin. | 3. | It is present in the blood vessels. |
(E)
Simple Glands | Compound Glands | ||
1. | They contain isolated glandular cells. | 1. | They contain a cluster of secretory cells. |
2. | They are unicellular. | 2. | They are multicellular. |
3. | Examples include goblet cells of the alimentary canal. | 3. | Examples include salivary glands. |
4. | 4. |
Q: 10. Mark the odd one in each series:
(A) Areolar tissue; blood; neuron; tendon
(B) RBC; WBC; platelets; cartilage
(C) Exocrine; endocrine; salivary gland; ligament
(D) Maxilla; mandible; labrum; arthur; cox
Answer:
(A) Areolar tissue, blood, and tendons are examples of connective tissues. Neuron is an example of neural tissue.
(B) RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are the three most important components of blood. Cartilage is therefore, the odd one out.
(C) Exocrine, endocrine, and salivary glands are examples of simple glandular epithelium. Ligament is a connective tissue.
(D) Maxilla, mandible, and labrum are mouthparts of a cockroach. Antennae, on the other hand, are present in the head region of cockroaches.
(E) Protonema forms the developmental stage in the life cycle of a moss. Mesothorax, metathorax, and coxa are parts or segments present in the legs of a cockroach.
Q: 11. Match the terms in column I with those in column II:
Column I | Column II | ||
A | Compound Epithelium | (i) | Alimentary Canal |
B | Compound Eye | (ii) | Cockroach |
C | Septal Nephridia | (iii) | Skin |
D | Open Circulatory | (iv) | Mosaic Vision |
E | Typhlosole | (v) | Earthworm |
F | Osteocytes | (vi) | Phallomere |
G | Genitalia | (vii) | Bone |
Answer:
Column I | Column II | ||
A | Compound Epithelium | (iii) | Skin |
B | Compound Eye | (iv) | Mosaic Vision |
C | Septal Nephridia | (v) | Earthworm |
D | Open Circulatory | (ii) | Cockroach |
E | Typhlosole | (i) | Alimentary Canal |
F | Osteocytes | (vii) | Bone |
G | Genitalia | (vi) | Phallomere |
Q: 12. Mention briefly about the circulatory system of earthworm
Answer:
Earthworms (Pheretima) have closed blood vascular systems, which consists of the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries. The heart pumps blood for circulating it in one direction. Blood is supplied by smaller blood cells to the gut nerve cord and the body wall. Blood glands are present in the 4th, 5th, and 6th segments, which produce blood cells and haemoglobin dissolved in blood plasma. Blood cells in earthworms are phagocytic in nature.