Biology Class 12 NCERT Solutions: Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Part 1

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Q.1 Explain in brief the role of animal husbandry in human welfare.

Answer:

• Animal husbandry deals with the scientific management of livestock. It includes various aspects such as feeding, breeding, and control diseases to raise the population of animal livestock.

• Animal husbandry usually includes animals such as cattle, pig, sheep, poultry, and fish which are useful for humans in various ways.

• These animals are managed for the production of commercially important products such as milk, meat, wool, egg, honey, silk, etc.

• The increase in human population has increased the demand of these products. Hence, it is necessary to improve the management of livestock scientifically.

Q.2 If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?

Answer:

• Dairy farm management deals with processes which aim at improving the quality and quantity of milk production.

• Milk production is primarily dependent on choosing improved cattle breeds, provision of proper feed for cattle, maintaining proper shelter facilities, and regular cleaning of cattle.

• Choosing improved cattle breeds is an important factor of cattle management. Hybrid cattle breeds are produced for improved productivity.

• Therefore, it is essential that hybrid cattle breeds should have a combination of various desirable genes such as high milk production and high resistance to diseases.

• Cattle should also be given healthy and nutritious food consisting of roughage, fiber concentrates, and high levels of proteins and other nutrients.

• Cattle’s should be housed in proper cattle-houses and should be kept in well ventilated roofs to prevent them from harsh weather conditions such as heat, cold, and rain.

• Regular baths and proper brushing should be ensured to control diseases.

• Also, time-to-time check-ups by a veterinary doctor for symptoms of various diseases should be undertaken.

Q.3 What is meant by the term ‘breed’? What are the objectives of animal breeding?

Answer:

• A breed is a special variety of animals within a species. It is similar in most characters such as general appearance, size, configuration, and features with other members of the same species.

• Jersey and Brown Swiss are examples of foreign breeds of cattle. These two varieties of cattle have the ability to produce abundant quantities of milk.

• This milk is very nutritious with high protein content.

Objectives of animal breeding

1. To increase the yield of animals.

2. To improve the desirable qualities of the animal produce.

3. To produce disease-resistant varieties of animals.