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Chemistry Class 11 NCERT Solutions: Chapter 13 Hydrocarbons Part 8
Q: 13. How will you convert benzene into
(I) p-nitrobromobenzene
(II) m-nitrochlorobenzene
(III) p -nitrotoluene
(Iv) Acetophenone
Answer
(I) Benzene can be converted into p-nitrobromobenzene as:
(II) Benzene can be converted into m-nitrochlorobenzene as:
(III) Benzene can be converted into p-nitrotoluene as:
(IV) Benzene can be converted into acetophenone as:
Q: 14. In the alkane , identify carbon atoms and give the number of H atoms bonded to each one of these.
Answer:
Carbon atoms are those which are bonded to only one carbon atom i.e.. , they have only one carbon atom as their neighbour. The given structure has five 1Β° carbon atoms and fifteen hydrogen atoms attached to it.
Carbon atoms are those which are bonded to two carbon atoms i.e.. , they have two carbon atoms as their neighbours. The given structure has two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms attached to it. carbon atoms are those which are bonded to three carbon atoms i.e.. , they have three carbon atoms as their neighbours. The given structure has one carbon atom and only one hydrogen atom is attached to it.
Q: 15. What effect does branching of an alkane chain has on its boiling point?
Answer
Alkanes experience inter-molecular Van der Waals forces. The stronger the force, the greater will be the boiling point of the alkane. As branching increases, the surface area of the molecule decreases which results in a small area of contact. As a result, the Van der Waals force also decreases which can be overcome at a relatively lower temperature. Hence, the boiling point of an alkane chain decreases with an increase in branching.