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Chemistry Class 12 NCERT Solutions: Chapter 11 Alcohols Phenols and Ethers Part 5
Q: 12. You are given benzene, conc. and . Write the equations for the preparation of phenol using these reagents.
Answer:
Q: 13. Show how will you synthesize:
(i) 1-phenylethanol from a suitable alkene
(ii) cyclohexylmethanol using an alkyl halide by an reaction.
(iii) pentan-1-ol using a suitable alkyl halide?
Answer:
(i) By acid-catalyzed hydration of ethylbenzene (styrene) , 1-phenylethanol can be synthesized.
(ii) When chloromethylcyclohexane is treated with sodium hydroxide, cyclohexylmethanol is obtained.
(iii) When 1-chloropentane is treated with , pentan-1-ol is produced.
Q: 14. Give two reactions that show the acidic nature of phenol. Compare acidity of phenol with that of ethanol.
Answer:
The acidic nature of phenol can be represented by the following two reactions:
(i) Phenol reacts with sodium to give sodium phenoxide, liberating .
(ii) Phenol reacts with sodium hydroxide to give sodium phenoxide and water as by- products
The acidity of phenol is more than that of ethanol. This is because after losing a proton, the phenoxide ion undergoes resonance and gets stabilized whereas Ethoxide ion does not.
Q: 15. Explain why is ortho nitrophenol more acidic than ortho methoxyphenol?
Answer:
The nitro-group is an electron-withdrawing group. The presence of this group in the ortho position decreases the electron density in the bond. As a result, it is easier to lose a proton. Also, the o-nitrophenoxide ion formed after the loss of protons is stabilized by resonance. Hence, ortho nitrophenol is a stronger acid.
On the other hand, Methoxy group is an electron-releasing group. Thus, it increases the electron density in the bond and hence, the proton cannot be given out easily. For this reason, ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol.
Q: 16. Explain how does the group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate i towards electrophilic substitution?
Answer:
The β OH group is an electron-donating group. Thus, it increases the electron density i the benzene ring as shown in the given resonance structure of phenol.
As a result, the benzene ring is activated towards electrophilic substitution.