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NCERT Class 9 Solutions: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution (India and the Contemporary World-I) Chapter 2 – Part 3
NCERT Class 9 History Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and Russia
Q-4. Make two lists: one with the main events and the effects of the February Revolution and the other with the main events and effects of the October Revolution. Write a paragraph on who was involved in each, who were the leaders and what was the impact of each on Soviet history.
Answer:
February Revolution
- 22nd February:
On the Neya river՚s right bank located in Petrograd Lockout of a factory was done.
- 23rd February:
Workers had done Sympathy strike in 50 factories. Then representative workers reached to the centre of the city, near the government buildings and then Curfew was forced and the supporters was mad dispersed.
- 24th February:
Workers again done Demonstration (March) and to control them Cavalry and Pohce were called.
- 25th February:
The Duma (Russian Parliament) was suspended by the Government.
- 27th February:
The Police Headquarters were ransacked by the workers. Streets were crowded with people who are shouting slogans for demanding bread. Better wages. Less hours of work and democracy.
So that to stop the workers once again Cavalry was called out but they denied to fire on the demonstrators. The soldiers and striking workers formed a ‘Soviet’ (council) up to the evening which was named as the Petrograd Soviet.
- 2nd March
- Tsar abdicates (renounces) . Duma leaders had formed a provisional government.
- Both men and women workers were involved in this strike.
- There were no particular leaders for this March.
Effects
- Brought down the autocratic monarchy.
- Permitted Public Meetings.
- Trade unions grew at first position.
- Army officers, Land owners and businesspersons developed as dominant.
October Revolution
- 16th October:
- To approve a socialist seizure of power Lenin had encourages the Petrograd Soviet and Bolshevik Party.
- Military Revolutionary Committee was established to manage this operation.
- 24th October:
- Uprising against the Provisional government was start, but then government designed two Bolshevik newspaper՚s buildings.
- The Winter Palace and other buildings were shelled.
- The Military Revolutionary Committee had designated the government offices and the ministers was arrested.
- The ship Aurora shelled the winter palace.
- At the end of the day the city was totally under the control of Committee and the remaining ministers had surrendered.
- The main leaders of October Revolution was Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky.
Effect
- Conveyed the Bolsheviks to establish a communist government for the first time in the world.
- Industries and banks were made nationalized.
- Russia raised as one-party state.
- The Russian Communist Party was established.