JEE (Based on NTA Guidelines-IIT Engg.) Mains Chemistry Coaching Programs

πŸ“Ή Video Course 2024 (0 Lectures [0 Mins]): Offline Support

Click Here to View & Get Complete Material

Rs. 100.00

1 Month Validity (Multiple Devices)

⏳ 🎯 Online Tests (1 Tests [30 Questions Each]): NTA Pattern, Analytics & Explanations

Click Here to View & Get Complete Material

Rs. 100.00

3 Year Validity (Multiple Devices)

πŸŽ“ Study Material (159 Notes): 2024-2025 Syllabus

Click Here to View & Get Complete Material

Rs. 350.00

3 Year Validity (Multiple Devices)

🎯 144 Numeric, 2994 MCQs (& PYQs) with Full Explanations (2024-2025 Exam)

Click Here to View & Get Complete Material

Rs. 650.00

3 Year Validity (Multiple Devices)

NCERT Class X Science Solutions: Chapter 9 – Heredity and Evolution Part 2

Question 5:

How are the areas of study - evolution and classification - interlinked?

Answer:

Classification involves grouping of organism into a formal system based on similarities in internal and external structure or evolutionary history.

Two species are more closely related if they have more characteristics in common. And if two species are more closely related, then it means they have a more recent ancestor.

For example, in a family, a brother and sister are closely related and they have a recent common ancestor i.e.. , their parents. A brother and his cousin are also related but less than the sister and her brother. This is because the brother and his cousin have a common ancestor i.e.. , their grandparents in the second generation whereas the parents were from the first generation.

With subsequent generations, the variations make organisms more different than their ancestors.

This discussion clearly proves that we classify organisms according to their resemblance which is similar to creating an evolutionary tree.

Question 6:

Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples.

Answer:

Homologous organs: are similar in origin (or are embryo logically similar) but perform different functions. For example, the forelimbs of humans and the wings of birds look different externally but their skeletal structure is similar. It means that their origin is similar (as wings in birds are modifications of forearm) but functions are different - the wings help in flight whereas human forearm helps in various activities.

Illustration: NCERT Class X Science Solutions: Chapter 9 – Heredity and Evolution Part 2

Analogous organs: on the other hand, have different origin but perform similar functions. For example, the wings of a bird and a bat are similar in function but this similarity does not mean that these animals are more closely related. If we carefully look at these structures, then we will find that the wings of a bat are just the folds of skin that are stretched between its fingers whereas the wings of birds are present all along the arm. Therefore, these organs are analogous organs.