IEO Level 2- English Olympiad (SOF) Class 5 Coaching Programs
⏳ 🎯 Online Tests (2 Tests [50 Questions Each]): NTA Pattern, Analytics & Explanations
Click Here to View & Get Complete Material
Rs. 200.00
3 Year Validity (Multiple Devices)
🎓 Study Material (184 Notes): 2024-2025 Syllabus
Click Here to View & Get Complete Material
Rs. 350.00
3 Year Validity (Multiple Devices)
🎯 250 MCQs (& PYQs) with Full Explanations (2024-2025 Exam)
Click Here to View & Get Complete Material
Rs. 200.00
3 Year Validity (Multiple Devices)
Class 6 Civics Chapter 3 What is Government, Need of a Government, Levels of a Government, Forms of a Government
Government
Introduction
- It is defined as the system or group of people governing an organized community generally a state.
- In other words, one can say that government is the system to govern a state or community.
- It normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary.
- The organizational policies are enforced apart from determining policy.
Need of a Government
- For making decisions and getting things done.
- Decisions are taken on various matters related to:
- Building roads, schools, and railway lines.
- Improve the public healthcare system.
- Improve the supply of drinking water.
- Helping the needy people.
- Solving conflicts between two social groups.
- To protect the boundaries of the country.
- To maintain cordial relations with other countries.
- During disaster situations, relief operations are carried out by the govt. to help affected people.
- Maintaining rules and regulations is an important task of govt. to make sure that people live in harmony.
Levels of Government
Centre Level or National Level
- It looks after the matters related to national interest being the supreme level of government.
- The Central Govt. of India operates from New Delhi and is headed by the Prime Minister.
State Level
- Govt. at state level is headed by the Chief Minister of that state.
- It looks after the matters related to state subjects.
District Level
Government officials also known as civil servants look after the various issues and programmes.
Village Level
- At the village level the form of govt. is Gram Panchayat.
- Matters related to local interests are looked after at this level.
Forms of Government
Monarchy
- In this form of govt. , the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication.
- A monarchy can be a polity through:
- Unity
- Personal Union
- Vassalage or federation
- Monarchs can carry various titles such as:
- Emperor
- King
- Queen
- Raja
- Khan
- Caliph
- Tsar
- Sultan
- Shah
- Pharaoh
- The succession of monarchies is hereditary in most of the cases.
Aristocracy
- In this form of govt. strengths lie in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class known as the aristocrats.
- Aristocrat has been derived from the Greek word aristokratia which means ‘rule of the best’ .
- In modern times, aristocracy was usually seen as:
- Rule by a privileged group, the aristocratic class.
- Contrasted with democracy.
Democracy
- In this form of govt. people enjoy the authority to choose their governing legislators.
- Direct and Representative are the two current types of democracy.
- Direct democracy:
- People decide on policy initiatives directly.
- Differs from the majority of currently established democracies.
- Representatives administer day-to-day governance in Semi-direct democracies but citizens remain the sovereign.
- Representative democracy:
- The people elect representatives.
- To deliberate and decide on legislation.
- Such as in parliamentary or presidential democracy.
Parliamentary Democracy
- It is a system of democratic governance of a state.
- It is headed by a person distinct from the head of government.
- Here the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability w. r. t commanding the confidence of the legislature.
- Countries with such a system include India, Japan, Germany, etc.
Presidential Democracy
- It is a single executive system.
- The head of the govt. leads an executive branch being separated from the legislative branch.
- In most of the cases, the head of government is also the head of the state.
- Countries with such a system include the United States, South Korea, etc.
Oligarchy
- It means ‘to rule or to command’ .
- In this for of govt. the power rests with a small number of people.
- The people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics which include nobility, celebrity, wealth, education, corporate, religious, political, or military control.
- This term was pioneered by Aristotle as meaning rule by the rich.