NCERT History Class 6 – Notes of Chapter 5: Early Republic (For CBSE, ICSE, IAS, NET, NRA 2022)

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The kings that perform big ritual incidentals.
The word janapada accurately means the land where the Jana [people] set its foot, and recognized down.
At Purana Qila in Delhi, Hastinapur near Meerut, and Atranjikhera, near Etah (the last two are in Uttar Pradesh) , Archaeological site of Janapadas, settlements, were create.
The people referred huts, and kept cattle to lives other animals also referred it.
They also grew variety of crops such as rice, wheat, barley, pulses, sugarcane, sesame and mustard.
At Painted Grey Ware of humble lines and regular patterns sites special type of pottery found.

Some Janapadas became more important than others Mahajanapadas before 2500 years ago.
Many of these were encouraged most had a capital city
The new kings began maintaining army՚s and solders also get salaries.
New styles of farming were seen in this time and here more grain could be produce with made of wood plough.
Second, people instigated transplanting paddy.
During this people started instead of scattering seed on the ground, saplings were grown and then planted in the fields.

Ganga and Son revers are nearer to it so that water requirements for both drinking and farming were easily feed.
Min Magadha Iron ore mines are used to make strong tools and weapon.
The two powerful rulers Bimbisara and Ajatasatru are used all means to conquer other janapadas.
Mahapadma Nanda increases his impair to the north-west part of subcontinent.
Magadha՚s capital was replaced from Rajagriha (present Rajgir) to Pataliputra (present Patna)
Alexander of Macedonia reached to the banks of river Beas in Magadha, but his soldiers rejected to fight because of the fear of Magadha՚s elephant and chariot armies.

It was having separated government from Mahajanapadas which was known gana or Sangha and its capital was Vaishali (Bihar) .

This institute had many leaders (more than1000) not one and they were known as Raja.
These rajas completed traditions together and they also used to arrange meetings for upcoming course of action if wanted.
Any women including dasas and kammakaras were not participating in these assemblies.
Both the Buddha and Mahavira belonged to ganas.
Vajji has ruled for more than 1500 years many powerful Rajas had tried to overcome sanghas than Gupta era overcome empire when last Sangha ruler was defeated.