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Central Bank and Types of Bank Deposit Account: Savings, Current Deposit, Fixed Deposit and Recurring Deposit Account
Central Bank
The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1,1935 in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The Central Office of the Reserve Bank was initially established in Calcutta but was permanently moved to Mumbai in 1937. The Central Office is where the Governor sits and where policies are formulated. Though originally privately owned, since nationalisation in 1949, the Reserve Bank is fully owned by the Government of India. Its main function is the general superintendence and direction of the Bank՚s affairs and advice the Central Board on local matters and to represent territorial and economic interests of local cooperative and indigenous banks; to perform such other functions as delegated by Central Board from time to time.
Bank Deposit Account
Money may be needed in future for various purposes like medical treatment in case of illness in the family, expenses on account of marriage, or for higher studies of the children, or to celebrate religious festivals, etc. The money saved to meet future needs may be kept at home. But it will not be safe at home. Moreover, the money saved will remain idle at home without any return. So, people keep their savings with someone where it will be safe and earn a return. Bank is such a place where money deposited remains safe and also earns interest. In this lesson, we shall learn about the types of deposit accounts that can be opened in a bank, and also discuss how a savings bank account can be opened and operated.
Types of Bank Deposit Accounts
The purpose of deposit then is to keep money safe for future needs. Some may want to deposit money in a bank for as long as possible to earn interest or to accumulate savings with interest. Mostly businessmen, deposit all their income from sales in a bank account and pay all business expenses out of the deposits. Keeping in view these differences, banks offer the facility of opening different types of deposit accounts by people to suit their purpose and convenience. On the basis of purpose, they serve, bank deposit accounts may be classified as follows,
Savings Bank Account
If a person has limited income and wants to save money for future needs, the Savings Bank Account is most suited for his purpose. This type of account can be opened with a minimum initial deposit that varies from bank to bank. Money can be deposited any time in this account. Withdrawals can be made either by signing a withdrawal form or by issuing a cheque or by using ATM card. Normally banks put some restriction on the number of withdrawals from this account. Interest is allowed on the balance of deposit in the account. The rate of interest on saving bank account varies from bank to bank and also changes from time to time. A minimum balance has to be maintained in the account as prescribed by the bank.
Current Deposit Account
Big businessmen, companies and institutions such as schools, colleges, and hospitals have to make payment through their bank accounts. Since there are restriction on number of withdrawals from saving bank account, that type of account is not suitable for them. They need to have an account from which withdrawals can be made any number of times. Banks open current account for them. Like saving bank account, this account also requires certain minimum amount of deposit while opening the account. On this deposit bank does not pay any interest on the balances. Rather the accountholder pays certain amount each year as operational charge.
Fixed Deposit Account (Term Deposit Account)
Many a time people want to save money for long period. If money is deposited in savings bank account, banks allow a lower rate of interest. Therefore, money is deposited in a fixed deposit account to earn an interest at a higher rate. This type of deposit account allows deposit to be made of an amount for a specified period. This period of deposit may range from 15 days to three years or more during which no withdrawal is allowed. However, on request, the depositor can encash the amount before its maturity.
Recurring Deposit Account
This type of account is suitable for those who can save regularly and expect to earn a fair return on the deposits over a period of time. While opening the account a person has to agree to deposit a fixed amount once in a month for a certain period. The total deposit along with the interest therein is payable on maturity. However, the depositor can also be allowed to close the account before its maturity and get back the money along with the interest till that period. The account can be opened by a person individually, or jointly with another, or by the guardian in the name of a minor. The rate of interest allowed on the deposits is higher than that on a savings Bank deposit but lower than the rate allowed on a fixed deposit for the same period.