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NIOS Class 10 English Chapter 10 Noise: How It Affects Our Lives
Summary
- A loud and unpleasant sound which we don՚t enjoy is called ‘noise’ . The sound of thunder, fire engines and screeching of tyres are some examples of noise.
- The level of sound can be measured scientifically in decibels. Sound is measured with an instrument called decibel meter.
- The softest sound that we humans can hear is at Zero decibel. We usually speak in the range of 45 - 75 decibels which is comfortable to our ears.
- When we shout or raise our voice, we are speaking at a higher decibel that is hurtful to our ears. At 85 decibels noise becomes harmful. Sound that measures more than 140 decibels can cause great damage.
- Jayant is preparing for his examination. His neighbour՚s son, Ajay is playing some loud music on his tape recorder. Jayant is not able to concentrate. He walks up to Ajay՚s house and complains about the loud music.
- We all understand that air pollution causes breathing problems and water pollution can cause a variety of diseases like typhoid. Noise pollution is also very harmful.
- We should realised the harmful effects of loud noise and think of ways to bring down the noise level. We can observe silence for some time and avoid playing loud music.
Vocabulary
- Wail: cry in a loud voice, loud noise
- Screech: make a harsh sound
- Clap: a loud explosive noise e. g. , of thunder
- Decibel: unit for measuring the loudness of sound
- Litter: bits of paper, discarded wrappings, bottles etc. left lying in a room or public place
- Instance: example, facts supporting a general truth
- Apartment: set of rooms, flat
- Blare: loud sound or noise
Grammar
1. Compound Words look at the following words that occur in the passage:
- Vacuum cleaner (vacuum + cleaner)
- Washing machine (washing + machine)
- Tape-recorder (tape + recorder)
- Dishwasher (dish + washer)
2. Form compound words taking one word from column A and one from column B. Look up the dictionary to find out if they are open, closed or hyphenated compound words and write them accordingly.
A | B |
A. Identity | Proof. |
B. Time | Cream |
C. Ice | Quake |
D. Earth | Table |
E. Dry | Fearing |
F. Water | Stick |
G. High | Clean |
H. God | Card |
I. Black | Court |
J. Walking | Board |
Answer
A. Identity-Card
B. Time-Table
C. Ice-Cream
D. Earth-Quake
E. Dry- Clean
F. Water-Proof
G. High-Court
H. God- Fearing
I. Black-Board
J. Walking-Stick
Active Passive
Past Tense (Indefinite)
Active | Passive |
---|---|
Sub + Verb 2nd form Object. | Singular Subject + was + Verb 3rd form + by + Object. Plural Subject + were + Verb 3rd form + by + Object. |
Exercise
Change the following sentences into Passive:
1. They visited the Meenakshi temple.
2. He did not like mango.
3. We watched movie on last Friday.
4. Ramesh gave fifty rupees to Chandan.
5. You drank water from my bottle.
Answer:
1. The Meenakshi temple was visited by them.
2. Mango was not liked by them
3. Movie was watched by us on last Friday.
4. Fifty rupees were given to Chandan by Ramesh.
5. Water was drunk by you from my bottle.
Past Continuous
Active | Passive |
Subject + was/were + verb 1st form + ing + Object. | Subject Singular + was being + verb 3rd + by + object. Subject Plural + were being + verb 3rd + by + Object. |
Exercise
Change the following sentences into passive:
1. They were discussing this matter in class.
2. Ramesh was not attending his uncle.
3. We were eating ice-cream.
4. My parents were giving me advice.
5. I was not singing a song in the hall.
Answer:
1. This matter was being discussed by them in the class.
2. His uncle was not being attended by Ramesh.
3. Ice-cream was being eaten by us.
4. I was being given advice by my parents.
5. A song was not being sung by me in the hall.
Past Perfect
Active | Passive |
---|---|
Subject + had + verb 3rd form + object. | Subject + had + been + verb 3rd form + by + object. |
Exercise
Change the following sentences into passive:
1. I had done my work in time.
2. They had killed a snake.
3. He had passed the examination.
4. Rajeev had not put his bag on the desk.
5. We had won the match.
Answer:
1. My work had been done by me.
2. A snake had been killed by them.
3. The examination had been passed by him.
4. His bag had not been put on the desk by Rajeev.
5. The match had been won by us.