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NIOS Class 10 English Chapter 4 Tall Trees, Explanation, Grammar
With their feet in the earth
And their heads in the sky
The tall trees watch
The clouds go by
When the dusk sends quickly
The birds to rest
The tall trees shelter them
Safe in a nest
And then in the night
With the tall trees peeping,
The moon shines down
On a world that՚s sleeping
– Eileen Mathias
Explanation
Stanza 1: With their feet … clouds go by.
- The poet conveys to the reader that the trees are very tall and describes the trees as if they are human beings with heads and feet, and even eyes to see things around them.
- She feels that some human beings are like the tall trees that are strong, tall and powerful. Like the tall trees that have their feet in the ground, these empowered human beings are humble, kind and caring.
Stanza 2: When the dusk … in a nest.
The poet gives an integrated picture of Nature in this stanza. In the evening the darkening sky drives the birds to the safety of their homes in the trees. In this way the different elements in Nature complement each other to provide comfort and shelter to the birds.
Stanza 3: And then … world that՚s sleeping
The evening changes into the night and by the light of the moon, the trees stay awake to keep a watch over the world as it sleeps. The poet sees the tall trees as our protectors and guardians, in whose care we can sleep safely and soundly without any worries.
Grammar
Figures of Speech
Personification: When we speak of a thing as if it is a living being it is called ‘personification’ of that object. For example, when we say ‘walls have ears’ we speak of walls as if they were living beings with ears. When we say ‘fortune smiles on those who work hard’ we give a human form and a smile to good luck.
Think of some commonly used personifications associated with the words given below. The first one is done for you as an example.
1. Books are our best friends
2. Love ________
3. Opportunity________
4. Earth ________
5. Time ________
Answer:
1. Love is blind
2. Opportunity knocks only once
3. Earth is our Mother
4. Time waits for none
Future Tense
Future Tense Chart
FUTURE | Affirmative sentence | Negative sentence | Interrogative sentence | Interrogative and negative sentence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | I, WE AS SUBJECT Sub + shall + verb 1st form + object. OTHER AS SUBJECT Sub + will + verb 1st form + object. | I, WE AS SUBJECT Sub + shall + not + verb 1st form + object. OTHER AS SUBJECT Sub + will + not + verb 1st form + object. | I, WE AS SUBJECT Shall + Sub + verb 1st form + object? OTHER AS SUBJECT Will + Sub + verb 1st form + object? | I, WE AS SUBJECT Shall + Sub + not + verb 1st form + object? OTHER AS SUBJECT Will + Sub + not + verb 1st form + object? |
Continuous | I, WE AS SUBJECT Sub + shall + be + verb 1st form + ing + object. OTHER AS SUBJECT Sub + will + be + verb 1st form + ing + object. | I, WE AS SUBJECT Sub + shall + not + be + verb 1st form + ing + object. OTHER AS SUBJECT Sub + will + not + be + verb 1st form + ing + object. | I, WE AS SUBJECT Shall + Sub + be + verb 1st form + ing + object? OTHER AS SUBJECT Will + Sub + be + verb 1st form + ing + object? | I, WE AS SUBJECT Shall + Sub + not + be + verb 1st form + ing + object? OTHER AS SUBJECT Will + Sub + not + be + verb 1st form + ing + object? |
Perfect | I, WE AS SUBJECT Sub + shall + have + Verb 3rd form + object. OTHER AS SUBJECT Sub + will + have + verb 3st form + object. | I, WE AS SUBJECT Sub + shall + have + not + Verb 3rd form + object. OTHER AS SUBJECT Sub + will + have + not + verb 3st form + object. | I, WE AS SUBJECT Shall + Sub + have + Verb 3rd form + object? OTHER AS SUBJECT Will + Sub + have + verb 3st form + object? | I, WE AS SUBJECT Shall + Sub + have + not + Verb 3rd form + object? OTHER AS SUBJECT Will + Sub + have + not + verb 3st form + object? |
Perfect continuous | I, WE AS SUBJECT Sub + shall have + been + Verb 1st + ing + Object + since/for + Time. OTHER AS SUBJECT Sub + will have + been + Verb 1st + ing + Object + since/for + Time. | I, WE AS SUBJECT Sub + shall have + not + been + Verb 1st + ing + Object + since/for + Time. OTHER AS SUBJECT Sub + will have + not + been + Verb 1st + ing + Object + since/for + Time. | I, WE AS SUBJECT Shall + sub + have + been + Verb 1st + ing + Object + since/for + Time? OTHER AS SUBJECT Will + Sub + have + been + Verb 1st + ing + Object + since/for + Time? | I, WE AS SUBJECT Shall + sub + have + not + been + Verb 1st + ing + Object + since/for + Time? OTHER AS SUBJECT Will + Sub + have + not + been + Verb 1st + ing + Object + since/for + Time |