Math՚s: Coordinate System: Coordinate of a Point and Quadrants (For CBSE, ICSE, IAS, NET, NRA 2022)

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Coordinate System

Coordinate System is a method that identifies the position of a point in a plane by using two perpendicular number lines or axes represented as and .

• The horizontal number line is called x-axis and the vertical number line is called y-axis. The point , where both axes intersect each other is called the origin.
• The positive direction of x-axis is taken to the right of the origin , and the negative direction is taken to the left of the origin , i.e.. , the side .
• Similarly, the portion of y-axis above the origin , i.e.. , the side is taken as positive and the portion below the origin , i.e.. , the side is taken as negative.

Coordinate of a Point

The position of a point is given by two numbers, called co-ordinates which refer to the distances of the point from these two axes. The first number, the -co-ordinate (or abscissa) , indicates the distance from the -axis (in units) and the second number, the -coordinate (or ordinate) indicates the distance from the -axis (in units) .

• The co-ordinates of the origin are .
• The co-ordinate or ordinate of every point on the -axis is .
• The co-ordinate or abscissa of every point on the -axis is

In the adjacent figure, the co-ordinates of the points and are and respectively.

1. Write the abscissa and ordinate of the following points

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Sol- (i) Abscissa- ; Ordinate-

(ii) Abscissa- ; Ordinate-

(iii) Abscissa- ; Ordinate-

The two axes and divide the plane into four parts called quadrants. The four quadrants are named as follows:

• Co-ordinates of all points in the first quadrant are of the type .
• Any point in the II quadrant has x co-ordinate negative and y co-ordinate positive .
• Similarly, in III quadrant, a point has both x and y co-ordinates negative .
• In IV quadrant, a point has x co-ordinate positive and y co-ordinate negative .

2. State the quadrant of each of the following points

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)