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NIOS Class 10 Social Studies Chapter 18 Agriculture in India, Introduction Part 4

Major Crops of India

Plantation Crops

Tea

  • Tea gardens are famous in India, and they are mostly located in Assam and Darjeeling in west Bengal.
  • Tea plantation was originally introduced by Britishers in the year 1923.
  • India is the leading country to produce Tea in the world next to China and Sri Lanka.
Geographical Conditions for the Growth
  • Temperature: The temperature for the production of tea requires hot and wet climate. The average temperature for the growth of tea leaves ranges between to . If temperature either increases or decreases than the mentioned range, then it brings harm to the tea bushes and leaves.
  • Rainfall: Tea requires a good rainfall that ranges between 150 - 300 cm every year. Dry spell of rain for a longer time, is harmful for Tea production.
  • Soil: It grows well in deep drained and loamy soil. Virgin forest soil that is rich in humus and iron content is the best soil for Tea plantation. Tea grows better when it is planted nearby a shady tree.
Illustration: Geographical Conditions for the Growth
  • Labour: Labour is cheap and economical for Tea production.
  • Distribution: Assam is the leading state that produces Tea, which is more than 50% in India. The hill slopes in Brahmaputra and Surma valleys are the tea producing areas in Assam. West Bengal is the second largest state that produces Tea in India, where Tamil Nadu is the third largest Tea producer.

Coffee

  • Coffee crop was brought to India by Ethiopia.
  • These seeds were planted and raised by Baba Budan in 17th century in Baba Budan hills of Karnataka.
  • The Britishers took interest in establishing large coffee estates in the hills of Western Ghats.
Geographical Conditions for the Growth
  • Temperature: It needs hot and humid climate which ranges between 15°C to 28°C. Like Tea, Coffee is also a crop that grows under shady trees. So, high temperature above 30°C and snowfall are harmful to Coffee cultivation. While ripening, dry weather is the suitable temperature.
  • Rainfall: The favourable rainfall for coffee cultivation is between 150 - 250 cm.
  • Soil: Well drained and rich loamy soil that contains minerals like iron and calcium are suitable for coffee cultivation. The soil must be manured for the increase in productivity.
  • Labour: Coffee cultivation requires cheap and skilled labour which is sowing, transplanting, pruning, plucking, dying, grading and packing of coffee.
  • Distribution: Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu are the main states of coffee production in India.