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NIOS Class 10 Social Studies Chapter 27 Peace and Security Part 1

Title: Peace and Security

Meaning

  • Peace is a social and political situation that ensures the development of individuals, society and nation.
  • It characterized by the existence of healthy relationships and maintains social or economic welfare and equality
  • In terms of intra-national and international relations, peace is not just the absence of war or conflict, but also the presence of socio-cultural and economic understanding and unity.
  • Security which means a secure condition or feeling untroubled by danger or fear, it also implies freedom from extremely dangerous threats.
  • It relates to threats that endanger core values like a human right.

Traditional and New Understandings of Peace and Security

  • The traditional notion which focused for ages on the danger of military or armed conflicts or threats.
    • This endangers the sovereignty independence and territorial integrity of the nation
    • For ensuring peace and security, the cause of the threat of military action is sorted out by the concerned nations through a bilateral agreement
    • The nations also take preventive measures by increasing their defence capabilities, deploying more armed forces on borders.
  • The non-traditional notion which is of peace and security is much broader and goes beyond military threats to include a wide range of dangers and threats to human existence.
    • That new notion of peace and security which also includes freedom of individuals from hunger, freedom from wants diseases and epidemics, environmental degradation, exploitation
    • The new notion of peace and security is based on threats beyond military attacks.
    • The threats may be from terrorism, insurgency, and genocide, denial of human rights, health epidemics, narcotics trade and irrational use of natural resources.

Peace and Security for Democracy and Development

  • There is a mutual relationship between democracy and development, and peace and security.
  • In the absence of peace and security, democracy cannot function and development cannot take place
  • Citizens can participate in the process of decision-making at different levels only when the peace prevails.
  • Peace is still more essential for development in various areas.
  • Democracy is better placed for eliminating conditions that generate public dissatisfaction.
  • It is so because the democratic system provides equal opportunity to all citizens to participate in the process of governance and decision-making.
  • It ensures social and economic progress for the people and improves their quality of life.
  • These Development initiatives contribute to sustaining peace, security and stability in the countries.

Peace and Security: Approach Adopted in India

  • The geographical position of the subcontinent and its emergence as a global power make it vulnerable to external threats.
  • India has not only faced wars with neighbouring countries like China and Pakistan but has also been dealing with international terrorism.
  • It also experiencing internal threats from insurgency and separatist movements ever since independence.

Evolution of Approach to Peace and Security During the Freedom Movement

  • The democratic system of India after independence can be functional only when a condition of peace and security is maintained.
  • Independent India would make all-out efforts to maintain and promote international peace and security.
  • The anti-colonial and anti-racist movements in the world and championed the cause of democracy.
  • India, therefore, adopted a multi-pronged approach and methods to ensure peace and security.
  • India extends support to all efforts being made at the global or regional level for peace, equitable economic development, promotion of human rights and elimination of terrorism.
  • It is also committed to ensuring, liberty, equality and social justice, secularism, equitable economic development and removal of social inequalities.