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NIOS Class 10 Social Studies Chapter 7 Popular Resistance to the British Rule Part 1

Title: Popular Resistance to the British Rule

Policies had undermined rights, status and economic position of Indians, Interference in religious practices symbolized this exploitation.

Peasant Movement and Tribal Revolt

  • From 1763 to 1856 there were more than 40 major rebellions apart from hundreds of minor ones
  • Peasant Revolts were mainly against the Zamindars and Britishers who exploit the peasants by collecting high revenue and taking the land if they failed to pay so.

Peasant Revolt

The Faqir and Sanyasi Rebellions (1770 – 1820s)

  • Increase in the land revenue and the exploitation of the peasants
  • Supported by Fakirs, Bhawani Pathak and Devi Choudhurani
  • Attacked English factories and seized their goods, cash, arms and ammunition
  • Came under British control in early 19th Century
  • Sanyasis rose in rebellion against the restrictions upon pilgrims visiting holy places among both Hindus and Muslims.

Indigo Rebelionn (1859 - 1862)

  • Peasants were forced to pay heavy taxes and grow commercial crops like Indigo
  • Growing Indigo leads to loss of fertility, and they were paid very low prices.
  • Growing indigo reduced the production of food crops
  • Hindu and Muslim peasants together went on strike and filed cases against the planters
  • The Order was passed in 1860 in favour of peasants

Farazi Movement (1838 - 1848)

The no-tax campaign against the British government

Wahabi Movement (1830s-1860s)

Significance
  • Created awareness among the Indians.
  • Prepared the ground for various other uprisings such as Sikh Wars in Punjab and finally the Revolt of 1857

Tribal Revolts

The annexation of Britishers in isolated tribal societies and the destruction of their relatively self-sufficient economy and communities led to revolt between them.

The Santhal Rebellion (1855 - 57)

  • Their region extends from extended from Bhagalpur in Bihar in the north to Orissa in the south
  • Tribals were forced to buy goods on credit, forced to give the Mahajan not only their crops but also plough, bullocks and finally the land, later they were made bonded labourer.
  • They led a revolt against British
  • Santhalis were suppressed.

Munda Rebellion (1899 - 1900)

  • Involvement of Contractors and traders exploited and dislocated Mundas attacked Police Stations, Churches and missionaries.
  • Birsa Munda, their leader died in 1900.
  • The Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act of 1908 provided some land ownership rights to the people and banned bonded labour of the tribal.

Jaintia and Garo Rebellion Rebellion (1860 - 1870s)

  • Against the construction of a road connecting Brahmaputra Valley with Sylhet.
  • Jaintias and the Garos opposed the construction of this strategic road.
  • British introduced the House Tax and Income Tax
  • On uprising, tribal leaders were brutally killed

The Uprising of the Bhils (1818 - 1831)

The Kol Uprising (1831 - 1832) against the British incursion in tribal land