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Soap, Detergents and Polymers: Types of Polymers and Polymerization
Polymer
- A Polymer is a giant molecule formed by inter molecular linkage between same or different types of smaller molecules called monomers. A polymer may be obtained from two monomers.
- For example, polyethene is a polymer of the monomer ethylene .
- Monomers are the small molecule which are capable of linking amongst them- selves to form big molecules called polymers.
Types of Polymers
Homopolymer
A polymer formed from only one kind of monomers is called homopolymer. Polyethene is an example of homopolymer.
Copolymer
- A polymer formed from more than one kind of monomer units is called copolymer or mixed polymer.
- For example, Buna-S rubber, which is formed from 1,3- butadiene and styrene is an example of copolymer.
Polymerization
The process by which the monomers get linked up is called polymerization.
Polymerization is represented as:
where M stands for the monomer.
Types of Polymerization
Addition Polymerization
- This process involves the addition of monomer units to themselves to form a growing chain by a chain reaction mechanism. It is for this reason that the process is also known as chain growth polymerization.
- For example, benzoyl peroxide provides free radical ‘benzyl’ to initiate the chain polymerization reaction.
Initiation,
These free radicals (R) then attack the unsaturated monomer and form a new free radical which goes on successively adding monomers and thus grows the chain, this is called Chain propagation.
The final termination of the two growing chains leads to a polymer. This is called chain termination:
Condensation Polymerization
In this, the monomers combine with the elemi-nation of a small molecule like , or , etc. The reaction is called (step growth) condensation polymerization and the product formed is called con-dentation polymer.
The process involves the elimination of by product molecules, therefore, the molecular mass of the polymer is not the integral multiple of the monomer units.