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Types of Information Sources: Introduction and Primary Sources of Information

Introduction

In this lesson you will learn in detail about each one of these information sources, their basic information content, utility and examples. You will also learn how to use them effectively to provide services to the users. The Lesson will also deal with advantages and limitations of information sources in print as well as in electronic form.

Primary Sources of Information

Primary sources are of varied types, large in number and are widely scattered. Primary sources include periodicals, newspapers, technical reports, dissertations, conference papers, patents, standards, trade and product bulletins.

Periodicals

A periodical is defined as a publication which is published with definite periodicity e. g. , weekly, fortnightly, monthly, or quarterly under the same title, and intended to be brought out indefinitely. Each issue is dated and consecutively numbered. All the issues in a volume have continuous pagination. A periodical consists of collection of articles contributed by different authors. Periodicals are also called journals.

Illustration: Periodicals
  • A ‘serial’ can be defined as any publication issued in successive parts which is intended to be continued indefinitely. Common types of serials include research periodicals, trade and business periodicals, newsletters, newspapers, popular magazines, almanacs and yearbooks, annual reviews, indexing and abstracting periodicals.
  • Multivolume books and encyclopedias are not serials, as they cease publication once the last volume of the series is published.
  • The information in periodicals is timely, current and up to date than information in books. Periodicals are of many types such as scholarly periodicals, trade and business periodicals, popular periodicals and magazines. Scientific journals were the first ones to appear on the scene.

In this lesson you will study about following periodicals:

Scholarly Periodicals

Scholarly periodicals are published by learned societies, R&D organizations, universities and some reputed commercial publishers. These are better known as journals which generally publish research findings and are peer reviewed. Because of the rigorous evaluation process, these publications are also referred to as refereed or peer- reviewed journals. Each article in such journals becomes a permanent record of that subject.

Some of the basic features of such journals are given below:

  • The purpose of a scholarly journal is to report original and significant research in a particular discipline. These journals are primary source of information and also called primary periodicals.
  • These periodicals are the best source of information on new or current topics
  • Articles are written by researchers, professionals or experts in the field. The articles are mostly technical in nature and cannot be understood by readers who lack the subject background.
  • These journals are meant for scholarly audience and are called scholarly journals.
  • Normally, these journals do not carry any advertisements.
  • Each issue is consecutively numbered and all issues in a volume have continuous pagination.
  • A scholarly journal article often has an abstract (a descriptive summary of the article) before the main text of the article.
  • Each article has the address of the author/s.
  • Articles always cite their sources in the form of bibliography or footnotes. These bibliographies contain references to other scholarly writings.

Trade and Business Periodicals

Trade and business periodicals are published by trade organizations and commercial publishers.

  • These periodicals cover articles, news, trends and issues for specific business and industry.
  • Authors can be professionals in the field or journalists working for the publisher.
  • Articles cover industry trends, new products or techniques. The journal also covers organizational news.
  • There are lots of advertisements related to specific industry or trade. Index to the advertisers is also included.
  • The periodical is mostly published on glossy paper and has colorful illustrations.
  • Though the language of the articles tend to be related to terms specific to industry or trade, the articles are written for general educated audience.