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Psychology: Psychological Disorder: Causes of Abnormal Behavior

Psychological Disorder

Psychological disorder can be defined as a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that causes significant distress, impairs the ability to function in one or more areas of life or both.

To determine any behavior as away from normal, seven considerations are used as the distinguishing criteria. They are:

  • Suffering – experiencing distress and discomfort in one՚s own life.
  • Maladaptiveness – engaging in behavior or thought pattern which makes it more difficult to lead one՚s life.
  • Irrationality – unable to communicate in a reasonable manner with others.
  • Unpredictability – acting in ways which are entirely unexpected.
  • Vividness and intensity – experience sensations which are far more vivid and intense than those of other people.
  • Observer discomfort – acting in ways which others find embarrassing.
  • Violation of moral and ideal standards – habitual breaking of norms.

Causes of Abnormal Behavior

  • Biological factors
  • Psychological factors

Type of Disorders

Illustration: Type of Disorders

Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety disorders are disorders which decrease the performance or social functioning of an individual due to hyper-anxiety. Some of anxiety disorders are

  • Generalized anxiety disorder
  • Panic disorder
  • Phobias
  • Obsessive compulsive disorder
  • Somatoform
  • Post traumatic disorder

Mood Disorder

Mood disorders are disorders of emotion. Heightened intensity and duration of emotion require immediate psychological and medical attention. The individuals suffering from this type of disorder are termed as emotionally disturbed. The three types of mood disorders have been characterized as - depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, and other disorders.

Substance Related Disorders

prolonged use of drugs, alcohol can lead to prolonged periods of pain and tension. Following issues need to be addressed to cure the disorder:

  • Detoxification
  • Administration of drugs for easing withdrawal symptoms.
  • Aversive conditioning
  • Social support
  • Psychotherapy
  • Rehabilitation
  • Prevention and follow up

Schizophrenia

It can be defined as a cluster of disorders characterized by fragmentation of the basic psychological processes such as attention, perception, thoughts, emotions and behavior. This fragmentation leads to serious maladjustments. It can catatonic, disorganized, undifferentiated, paranoid and residual.

Personality Disorder

It is characterized by maladaptive style of thinking, feeling, behaving which disturbs normal functioning of an individual.