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Psychology: Man - Environment Interaction: Physical vs Psychological Environment

Environment is a very broad concept. Everything that affects us during our lifetime is collectively known as environment.

Man - Environment Interaction

Environmental psychology is that field of psychology which studies the interacting relationship among the psychological processes and physical environment both natural and manmade. The relationship between humans and environment is reciprocal in nature that is environment influences human being and human being also effect environment. The human-environment interaction has five major components. These components are briefly described below:

Illustration: Man - Environment Interaction
  • Physical Environment: It includes aspect of natural environment such as climate, terrain, temperature, rainfall, flora, fauna, etc.
  • Social Cultural Environment: It includes all aspects of cultural environment such as norms, customs, process of socialization, etc.
  • Environmental Orientations: It refers to the beliefs that people hold about their environment.
  • Environmental Behavior: It refers to the use of environment by people in the course of social interactions.
  • Products of Behavior: These include the outcomes of people՚s actions such as homes, cities, dams, schools, etc.

Physical vs Psychological Environment

  • There is difference between physical environment and psychological environment. Physical environment is the one which has physical existence like house, tree, mountain etc. On the other hand, psychological environment consists of all that exists in one՚s mind.
  • Kurt Lewin, a German Psychologist, differentiated between physical environment and psychological environment. Lewin has introduced the concept of life space to explain the relationship between person and environment. Mathematically, life space can be described as: B = f (L) = f (P. E) .

Environmental Effects on Human Behavior

Changes in the environment, whether natural such as earthquake, tsunami, etc. , or man-made disasters such as Bhopal MIC disaster, influence human behavior.

Effect of Human Behavior on Environment

Human beings also influence environment by their activities such as driving car, cooking food, etc.

Planning for Future

Environment is a naturally given capital having certain limits and we have to learn to use the resources judiciously. Air, water, food, fuel, etc. are all gifts of this environment to the humankind and we have to learn to judiciously use and conserve them.

  • Water: The water shortage is assuming serious threat to the big cities also. The solution lies in harvesting rainwater and efforts are being made to use rainwater to augment water supply.
  • Air: The quality of air has been highly affected by high usage of automobile and industrial emission. Emission consists of high amount of harmful and toxic gases like carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide etc. in the air that we breathe.
  • Waste material: Waste product are the obvious by product of human activity. This waste product of our activity ranges from sewage to garbage. It is a very serious problem for municipalities, corporations, and local governments to manage them.